{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889283903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-1240","title":"Question Answering by Reasoning Across Documents with Graph Convolutional Networks","display_name":"Question Answering by Reasoning Across Documents with Graph Convolutional Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889283903","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-1240","mag":"2889283903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n19-1240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-1240","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/N19-1240.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/N19-1240.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075219217","display_name":"Nicola De Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2121-9485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890505096","display_name":"Singer (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/017qqw141","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890505096"]}],"countries":["NL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola De Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands","University of Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890505096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074142241","display_name":"Wilker Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2093-3866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilker Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh University of Amsterdam","University of Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh University of Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086717154","display_name":"Ivan Titov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-1893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Titov","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Amsterdam","University of Edinburgh,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9159,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96414566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2306","last_page":"2317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8045074939727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.7675421833992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.6443575620651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6174004673957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.6121923923492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5527061820030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49211496114730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4760151505470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4280858337879181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.4156843423843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2193017601966858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8045074939727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.7675421833992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.6443575620651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6174004673957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.6121923923492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5527061820030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49211496114730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4760151505470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4280858337879181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.4156843423843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2193017601966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n19-1240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-1240","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/N19-1240.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1808.09920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1808.09920","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.09920","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire_cris_publications/4aded46a-8a62-4cfb-a978-bc7bf1fe8647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/question-answering-by-reasoning-across-documents-with-graph-convolutional-networks(4aded46a-8a62-4cfb-a978-bc7bf1fe8647).html","pdf_url":"https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/49722840/N19_1240.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/785dedf7-c763-45e3-a856-0ab18bf4bf82","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/785dedf7-c763-45e3-a856-0ab18bf4bf82","pdf_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/files/82171230/Question_Answering_by_Reasoning_DE_CAO_DoA220219_AFV.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"De Cao, N, Aziz, W & Titov, I 2019, Question Answering by Reasoning Across Documents with Graph Convolutional Networks. in Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics. vol. 1, Minneapolis, Minnesota, pp. 2306-2317, 2019 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 2/06/19. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-1240","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/4aded46a-8a62-4cfb-a978-bc7bf1fe8647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1808.09920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire/4aded46a-8a62-4cfb-a978-bc7bf1fe8647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11245.1/4aded46a-8a62-4cfb-a978-bc7bf1fe8647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:uvapub:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/4aded46a-8a62-4cfb-a978-bc7bf1fe8647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/question-answering-by-reasoning-across-documents-with-graph-convolutional-networks(4aded46a-8a62-4cfb-a978-bc7bf1fe8647).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies: NAACL HLT 2019 : proceedings of the conference : June 2-June 7, 2019, 1, 2306 - 2317","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1808.09920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.09920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"mag:2889283903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n19-1240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-1240","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/N19-1240.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4423458288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"277-89-002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5226226009","display_name":"Scaling Semantic Parsing to Unrestricted Domains","funder_award_id":"639.022.518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2889283903.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2889283903.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544827683","https://openalex.org/W2006217757","https://openalex.org/W2038880450","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2086511124","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2521709538","https://openalex.org/W2551396370","https://openalex.org/W2552027021","https://openalex.org/W2600024417","https://openalex.org/W2600702321","https://openalex.org/W2604314403","https://openalex.org/W2606964149","https://openalex.org/W2626154462","https://openalex.org/W2740663516","https://openalex.org/W2798681242","https://openalex.org/W2892094955","https://openalex.org/W2892280852","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2963020213","https://openalex.org/W2963068946","https://openalex.org/W2963339397","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963653811","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2963866616","https://openalex.org/W2963963993","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964151654","https://openalex.org/W2964222246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963662654","https://openalex.org/W2963866616","https://openalex.org/W2519887557","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2624431344","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2951815760","https://openalex.org/W2889787757","https://openalex.org/W2889646190","https://openalex.org/W2766453196","https://openalex.org/W2964151654","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W3065755105","https://openalex.org/W3154000428","https://openalex.org/W2998374885","https://openalex.org/W3166522758","https://openalex.org/W3153624450","https://openalex.org/W3087709965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nicola":[0],"De":[1],"Cao,":[2],"Wilker":[3],"Aziz,":[4],"Ivan":[5],"Titov.":[6],"Proceedings":[7],"of":[8,12,17],"the":[9,13,18],"2019":[10],"Conference":[11],"North":[14],"American":[15],"Chapter":[16],"Association":[19],"for":[20],"Computational":[21],"Linguistics:":[22],"Human":[23],"Language":[24],"Technologies,":[25],"Volume":[26],"1":[27],"(Long":[28],"and":[29],"Short":[30],"Papers).":[31],"2019.":[32]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2022-08-03T00:00:00"}