{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2805406810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-4010","title":"End-to-End Learning of Task-Oriented Dialogs","display_name":"End-to-End Learning of Task-Oriented Dialogs","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2805406810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-4010","mag":"2805406810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n18-4010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-4010","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N18-4010.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of\n          the Association for Computational Linguistics: Student Research\n          Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N18-4010.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339921","display_name":"Bing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2365-6606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028182466","display_name":"Ian Lane","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Lane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100339921"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4433,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91394146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"67","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-box","display_name":"Dialog box","score":0.9280551671981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8609110116958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6265718936920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.591856837272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-system","display_name":"Dialog system","score":0.5697320103645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5601621866226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.4607134759426117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43047207593917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-task-learning","display_name":"Multi-task learning","score":0.4155064821243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4085767865180969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09287479519844055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.9280551671981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8609110116958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6265718936920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.591856837272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190954187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5270587","display_name":"Dialog system","level":3,"score":0.5697320103645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5601621866226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.4607134759426117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43047207593917847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28006648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934509","display_name":"Multi-task learning","level":3,"score":0.4155064821243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4085767865180969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09287479519844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n18-4010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-4010","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N18-4010.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of\n          the Association for Computational Linguistics: Student Research\n          Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n18-4010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-4010","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N18-4010.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of\n          the Association for Computational Linguistics: Student Research\n          Workshop","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2805406810.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2805406810.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178897730","https://openalex.org/W1931877416","https://openalex.org/W1964812476","https://openalex.org/W1975244201","https://openalex.org/W2047335008","https://openalex.org/W2061562262","https://openalex.org/W2137871902","https://openalex.org/W2250297846","https://openalex.org/W2435467204","https://openalex.org/W2473965551","https://openalex.org/W2534274346","https://openalex.org/W2564070522","https://openalex.org/W2573537087","https://openalex.org/W2592808142","https://openalex.org/W2594726847","https://openalex.org/W2749436976","https://openalex.org/W2772001136","https://openalex.org/W2949252816","https://openalex.org/W2962886331","https://openalex.org/W2962957031","https://openalex.org/W2963043030","https://openalex.org/W2963050422","https://openalex.org/W2963064439","https://openalex.org/W2963068985","https://openalex.org/W2963567240","https://openalex.org/W2963797754","https://openalex.org/W2963974889","https://openalex.org/W2964101860","https://openalex.org/W2964210218","https://openalex.org/W4295249402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W48079147","https://openalex.org/W2563921006","https://openalex.org/W1963944933","https://openalex.org/W1600043506","https://openalex.org/W2174703168","https://openalex.org/W2111550420","https://openalex.org/W2549666521","https://openalex.org/W3133893348","https://openalex.org/W2920931047","https://openalex.org/W1977846844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,53,115],"this":[1],"thesis":[2],"proposal,":[3],"we":[4,61,125],"address":[5],"the":[6,79,117,132,139],"limitations":[7],"of":[8,12],"conventional":[9],"pipeline":[10],"design":[11,22],"taskoriented":[13],"dialog":[14,26,34,59,80,88],"systems":[15],"and":[16,40,66,102,108,112,134],"propose":[17,62,127],"end-toend":[18],"learning":[19,54,69,75,103,142],"solutions.":[20],"We":[21,71],"neural":[23,56],"network":[24,57],"based":[25,58],"system":[27,46],"that":[28],"is":[29],"able":[30],"to":[31,48,137],"robustly":[32],"track":[33],"state,":[35],"interface":[36],"with":[37,100,110,121],"knowledge":[38],"bases,":[39],"incorporate":[41],"structured":[42],"query":[43],"results":[44],"into":[45],"responses":[47],"successfully":[49],"complete":[50],"task-oriented":[51,87],"dialog.":[52],"such":[55],"systems,":[60],"hybrid":[63],"offline":[64],"training":[65,92],"online":[67,104,122,140],"interactive":[68,141],"methods.":[70],"introduce":[72],"a":[73,83,128],"multi-task":[74],"method":[76,129],"in":[77,82],"pre-training":[78],"agent":[81,93],"supervised":[84,91],"manner":[85],"using":[86],"corpora.":[89],"The":[90],"can":[94],"further":[95,126],"be":[96],"improved":[97],"via":[98],"interacting":[99],"users":[101],"from":[105],"user":[106],"demonstration":[107],"feedback":[109],"imitation":[111],"reinforcement":[113],"learning.":[114],"addressing":[116],"sample":[118],"efficiency":[119],"issue":[120],"policy":[123],"learning,":[124],"by":[130],"combining":[131],"learning-from-user":[133],"learningfrom-simulation":[135],"approaches":[136],"improve":[138],"efficiency.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}