{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964085268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-2084","title":"When and Why Are Pre-Trained Word Embeddings Useful for Neural Machine Translation?","display_name":"When and Why Are Pre-Trained Word Embeddings Useful for Neural Machine Translation?","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964085268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-2084","mag":"2964085268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n18-2084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-2084","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N18-2084.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of\n          the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language\n          Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N18-2084.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101718939","display_name":"Qi Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-1266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ye Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000168915","display_name":"Devendra Singh Sachan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devendra Sachan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089333471","display_name":"Matthieu Felix","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthieu Felix","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015223733","display_name":"Sarguna Janani Padmanabhan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarguna Padmanabhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068811427","display_name":"Graham Neubig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2072-3789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham Neubig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101718939"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":36.8956,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":325,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9975491,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"529","last_page":"535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.785366415977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6800342202186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6232476830482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5825754404067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5821537971496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-linguistics","display_name":"Computational linguistics","score":0.5438445806503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volume","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","score":0.4314040541648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.41930052638053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.36834314465522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.34238749742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.151807963848114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1392110288143158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.09674417972564697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.785366415977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6800342202186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6232476830482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5825754404067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5821537971496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.5438445806503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4314040541648865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.41930052638053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.36834314465522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.34238749742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.151807963848114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1392110288143158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.09674417972564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n18-2084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-2084","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N18-2084.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of\n          the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language\n          Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n18-2084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-2084","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/N18-2084.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of\n          the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language\n          Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2964085268.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2964085268.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1541096673","https://openalex.org/W1595740843","https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2296283641","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2546938941","https://openalex.org/W2550821151","https://openalex.org/W2555428947","https://openalex.org/W2594021297","https://openalex.org/W2762484717","https://openalex.org/W2780932362","https://openalex.org/W2786058094","https://openalex.org/W2952190837","https://openalex.org/W2962824887","https://openalex.org/W2962902328","https://openalex.org/W2963011474","https://openalex.org/W2963247703","https://openalex.org/W2963260927","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4294367149","https://openalex.org/W4299579390","https://openalex.org/W4307459710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3011059803","https://openalex.org/W3151736118","https://openalex.org/W4362495644","https://openalex.org/W2962780935","https://openalex.org/W4387896177","https://openalex.org/W4385557855","https://openalex.org/W2807006873","https://openalex.org/W4287236333","https://openalex.org/W2623411141","https://openalex.org/W2883671469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ye":[0],"Qi,":[1],"Devendra":[2],"Sachan,":[3],"Matthieu":[4],"Felix,":[5],"Sarguna":[6],"Padmanabhan,":[7],"Graham":[8],"Neubig.":[9],"Proceedings":[10],"of":[11,15,20],"the":[12,16,21],"2018":[13],"Conference":[14],"North":[17],"American":[18],"Chapter":[19],"Association":[22],"for":[23],"Computational":[24],"Linguistics:":[25],"Human":[26],"Language":[27],"Technologies,":[28],"Volume":[29],"2":[30],"(Short":[31],"Papers).":[32],"2018.":[33]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}