{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2787560479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-1202","title":"Deep Contextualized Word Representations","display_name":"Deep Contextualized Word Representations","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2787560479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-1202","mag":"2787560479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n18-1202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-1202","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/N18-1202.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of\n          the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language\n          Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/N18-1202.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101509445","display_name":"Matthew E. Peters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2105-2585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156221","display_name":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/05w520734","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Peters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103695396","display_name":"Mark E Neumann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156221","display_name":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/05w520734","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Neumann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082767919","display_name":"Mohit Iyyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7340-0804"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohit Iyyer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035088083","display_name":"Matt Gardner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8458-1727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156221","display_name":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/05w520734","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matt Gardner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020085226","display_name":"Christopher Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2558-7396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156221","display_name":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/05w520734","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081862885","display_name":"Kenton Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-5970"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenton Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067919401","display_name":"Luke Zettlemoyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8296-0764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156221","display_name":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/05w520734","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Zettlemoyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101509445"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":274.5021,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1791,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99995745,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2227","last_page":"2237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysemy","display_name":"Polysemy","score":0.8074622750282288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7802368402481079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.7491246461868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7189681529998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.6327642798423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.5973737239837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textual-entailment","display_name":"Textual entailment","score":0.556891918182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5431150794029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5337470769882202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.4261639416217804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4222245216369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-consequence","display_name":"Logical consequence","score":0.2877541482448578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06911927461624146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780276568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191928","display_name":"Polysemy","level":2,"score":0.8074622750282288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7802368402481079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.7491246461868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7189681529998779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6327642798423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.5973737239837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95318506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6588467","display_name":"Textual entailment","level":3,"score":0.556891918182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5431150794029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5337470769882202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4261639416217804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4222245216369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134752490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374182","display_name":"Logical consequence","level":2,"score":0.2877541482448578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06911927461624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n18-1202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-1202","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/N18-1202.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of\n          the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language\n          Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1802.05365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1802.05365","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1802.05365","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2787560479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1802.05365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1802.05365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1802.05365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/n18-1202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-1202","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/N18-1202.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of\n          the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language\n          Technologies, Volume 1 (Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2787560479.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6908809","https://openalex.org/W581956982","https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W1899794420","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2103076621","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2155069789","https://openalex.org/W2158139315","https://openalex.org/W2158847908","https://openalex.org/W2162456950","https://openalex.org/W2172140247","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2251035762","https://openalex.org/W2251599843","https://openalex.org/W2251939518","https://openalex.org/W2259472270","https://openalex.org/W2296283641","https://openalex.org/W2336260055","https://openalex.org/W2427527485","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2507974895","https://openalex.org/W2516255829","https://openalex.org/W2518202280","https://openalex.org/W2526182867","https://openalex.org/W2556468274","https://openalex.org/W2605717780","https://openalex.org/W2608787653","https://openalex.org/W2610748790","https://openalex.org/W2611669587","https://openalex.org/W2738152205","https://openalex.org/W2739255396","https://openalex.org/W2740711318","https://openalex.org/W2740747242","https://openalex.org/W2740765036","https://openalex.org/W2743945814","https://openalex.org/W2756386045","https://openalex.org/W2757205734","https://openalex.org/W2765390718","https://openalex.org/W2771857412","https://openalex.org/W2949548130","https://openalex.org/W2950133940","https://openalex.org/W2950621961","https://openalex.org/W2951559648","https://openalex.org/W2952230511","https://openalex.org/W2953084091","https://openalex.org/W2963266340","https://openalex.org/W2963625095","https://openalex.org/W2964091467","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W3016169217","https://openalex.org/W3037932933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2996428491","https://openalex.org/W2970597249","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963310665","https://openalex.org/W2963026768","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2427527485","https://openalex.org/W2296283641","https://openalex.org/W2251939518","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W1522301498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Matthew":[0],"E.":[1],"Peters,":[2],"Mark":[3],"Neumann,":[4],"Mohit":[5],"Iyyer,":[6],"Matt":[7],"Gardner,":[8],"Christopher":[9],"Clark,":[10],"Kenton":[11],"Lee,":[12],"Luke":[13],"Zettlemoyer.":[14],"Proceedings":[15],"of":[16,20,25],"the":[17,21,26],"2018":[18],"Conference":[19],"North":[22],"American":[23],"Chapter":[24],"Association":[27],"for":[28],"Computational":[29],"Linguistics:":[30],"Human":[31],"Language":[32],"Technologies,":[33],"Volume":[34],"1":[35],"(Long":[36],"Papers).":[37],"2018.":[38]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":467},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":572},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":447},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":136},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
