{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963525295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/k17-1039","title":"Optimizing Differentiable Relaxations of Coreference Evaluation Metrics","display_name":"Optimizing Differentiable Relaxations of Coreference Evaluation Metrics","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963525295","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/k17-1039","mag":"2963525295"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/k17-1039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/k17-1039","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1039.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL 2017)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1039.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061504918","display_name":"Phong Ba Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5612-1800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Phong Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["ILLC, University of Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ILLC, University of Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086717154","display_name":"Ivan Titov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-1893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Titov","raw_affiliation_strings":["ILCC, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","ILLC, University of Amsterdam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ILCC, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ILLC, University of Amsterdam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061504918"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2766,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60064079,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"390","last_page":"399"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8032220005989075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiable-function","display_name":"Differentiable function","score":0.751800537109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7339340448379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coreference","display_name":"Coreference","score":0.690169095993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6285779476165771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.504597544670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.4902110695838928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.436267614364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4260062873363495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.20863518118858337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11677008867263794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8032220005989075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202615002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783507","display_name":"Differentiable function","level":2,"score":0.751800537109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7339340448379517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28076734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63087","display_name":"Coreference","level":3,"score":0.690169095993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6285779476165771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.504597544670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4902110695838928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.436267614364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4260062873363495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.20863518118858337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11677008867263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/k17-1039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/k17-1039","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1039.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL 2017)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/4c201b17-e63b-4a24-8fb6-131d76b46871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/optimizing-differentiable-relaxations-of-coreference-evaluation-metrics(4c201b17-e63b-4a24-8fb6-131d76b46871).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Le, P & Titov, I 2017, Optimizing differentiable relaxations of coreference evaluation metrics. in R Levy & L Specia (eds), The 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning : Proceedings of the Conference : CoNNL 2017 : August 2-august 4, 2017, Vancouver, Canada. Stroudsburg, PA, pp. 390-399, 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, CoNLL 2017, Vancouver, Canada, 3/08/17. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/k17-1039","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire_cris_publications/4c201b17-e63b-4a24-8fb6-131d76b46871","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11245.1/4c201b17-e63b-4a24-8fb6-131d76b46871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Le, P & Titov, I 2017, Optimizing differentiable relaxations of coreference evaluation metrics. in R Levy & L Specia (eds), The 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning : Proceedings of the Conference : CoNNL 2017 : August 2-august 4, 2017, Vancouver, Canada. Stroudsburg, PA, pp. 390-399, 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, CoNLL 2017, Vancouver, Canada, 3/08/17. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/k17-1039","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/a8134dd0-ef9b-4cf7-9c90-1c241aa03595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/a8134dd0-ef9b-4cf7-9c90-1c241aa03595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Le, P & Titov, I 2017, Optimizing Differentiable Relaxations of Coreference Evaluation Metrics. in Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL 2017). pp. 390-399, 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, Vancouver, Canada, 3/08/17. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/K17-1039","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/a8134dd0-ef9b-4cf7-9c90-1c241aa03595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/a8134dd0-ef9b-4cf7-9c90-1c241aa03595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Le, P & Titov, I 2017, Optimizing Differentiable Relaxations of Coreference Evaluation Metrics. in Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL 2017). pp. 390-399, 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, Vancouver, Canada, 3/08/17. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/K17-1039","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/k17-1039","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/k17-1039","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/K17-1039.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL 2017)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5226226009","display_name":"Scaling Semantic Parsing to Unrestricted Domains","funder_award_id":"639.022.518","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310598","display_name":"Amazon Web Services","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963525295.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2963525295.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65330238","https://openalex.org/W1544827683","https://openalex.org/W1581262234","https://openalex.org/W1789782362","https://openalex.org/W1965693266","https://openalex.org/W1992967856","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2098345921","https://openalex.org/W2115663220","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2146502635","https://openalex.org/W2155027007","https://openalex.org/W2157675472","https://openalex.org/W2165150801","https://openalex.org/W2169819436","https://openalex.org/W2180160918","https://openalex.org/W2250668331","https://openalex.org/W2251035762","https://openalex.org/W2251064706","https://openalex.org/W2252031764","https://openalex.org/W2322604240","https://openalex.org/W2507397568","https://openalex.org/W2788510939","https://openalex.org/W2949615363","https://openalex.org/W2962769558","https://openalex.org/W2963141266","https://openalex.org/W2963167649","https://openalex.org/W2963695529","https://openalex.org/W4206800417","https://openalex.org/W4302570325"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2139373276","https://openalex.org/W1509033667","https://openalex.org/W2227889443","https://openalex.org/W4385749782","https://openalex.org/W3167631113","https://openalex.org/W2145164276","https://openalex.org/W2324061017","https://openalex.org/W2004630825","https://openalex.org/W2765988220","https://openalex.org/W2898767136"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coreference":[0],"evaluation":[1],"metrics":[2],"are":[3,10],"hard":[4],"to":[5,27,44,92],"optimize":[6,22],"directly":[7],"as":[8,88],"they":[9],"nondifferentiable":[11],"functions,":[12],"not":[13],"easily":[14],"decomposable":[15],"into":[16],"elementary":[17],"decisions.":[18],"Consequently,":[19],"most":[20],"approaches":[21],"objectives":[23],"only":[24],"indirectly":[25],"related":[26],"the":[28,49,64],"end":[29],"goal,":[30],"resulting":[31],"in":[32,78],"suboptimal":[33],"performance.":[34,79],"Instead,":[35],"we":[36,73],"propose":[37],"a":[38,68,75,89],"differentiable":[39],"relaxation":[40],"that":[41,61,82],"lends":[42],"itself":[43],"gradient-based":[45],"optimisation,":[46],"thus":[47],"bypassing":[48],"need":[50],"for":[51],"reinforcement":[52,94],"learning":[53,95],"or":[54,96],"heuristic":[55],"modification":[56],"of":[57,67],"cross-entropy.":[58],"We":[59],"show":[60],"by":[62],"modifying":[63],"training":[65],"objective":[66],"competitive":[69],"neural":[70],"coreference":[71],"system,":[72],"obtain":[74],"substantial":[76],"gain":[77],"This":[80],"suggests":[81],"our":[83],"approach":[84],"can":[85],"be":[86],"regarded":[87],"viable":[90],"alternative":[91],"using":[93],"more":[97],"computationally":[98],"expensive":[99],"imitation":[100],"learning.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
