{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2985204668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5610","title":"Zero-Resource Neural Machine Translation with Monolingual Pivot Data","display_name":"Zero-Resource Neural Machine Translation with Monolingual Pivot Data","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2985204668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5610","mag":"2985204668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d19-5610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5610","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-5610.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Neural Generation and Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-5610.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057417152","display_name":"Anna Currey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Currey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070589644","display_name":"Kenneth Heafield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6344-9927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Heafield","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"99","last_page":"107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9575999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8390495777130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","score":0.7629131078720093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.6531779170036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5609425902366638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4922164976596832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.47987332940101624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.44260403513908386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8390495777130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7629131078720093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6531779170036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5609425902366638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4922164976596832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47987332940101624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.44260403513908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d19-5610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5610","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-5610.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Neural Generation and Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/afb438b5-e18d-4d3f-b62e-59258373e404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/afb438b5-e18d-4d3f-b62e-59258373e404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d19-5610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5610","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-5610.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Neural Generation and Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2985204668.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2985204668.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1915251500","https://openalex.org/W2124807415","https://openalex.org/W2512924740","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2550821151","https://openalex.org/W2555745756","https://openalex.org/W2561274697","https://openalex.org/W2595715041","https://openalex.org/W2604275745","https://openalex.org/W2756566411","https://openalex.org/W2778814079","https://openalex.org/W2794365787","https://openalex.org/W2886095922","https://openalex.org/W2888456631","https://openalex.org/W2889326796","https://openalex.org/W2899490399","https://openalex.org/W2919290281","https://openalex.org/W2921280978","https://openalex.org/W2962778428","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2962824887","https://openalex.org/W2963216553","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963569817","https://openalex.org/W2963602293","https://openalex.org/W2964007535","https://openalex.org/W3019421297","https://openalex.org/W3082674894","https://openalex.org/W4298393544","https://openalex.org/W4385245566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W1585034923","https://openalex.org/W2435130738","https://openalex.org/W2610669109","https://openalex.org/W2610387714","https://openalex.org/W1512718085","https://openalex.org/W1484029852","https://openalex.org/W4379525811","https://openalex.org/W2770394828","https://openalex.org/W2747680751"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Zero-shot":[0],"neural":[1],"machine":[2],"translation":[3],"(NMT)":[4],"is":[5,26,68],"a":[6,17,34,113],"framework":[7],"that":[8,44,125,153],"uses":[9],"source-pivot":[10],"and":[11,37,96,135,138],"target-pivot":[12],"parallel":[13],"data":[14,57,80,95],"to":[15,23,81,102,142],"train":[16],"sourcetarget":[18],"NMT":[19,25,53,106],"system.":[20,107],"An":[21],"extension":[22],"zeroshot":[24,35],"zero-resource":[27,52,136],"NMT,":[28],"which":[29],"generates":[30],"pseudo-parallel":[31,90,100],"corpora":[32,91,101],"using":[33,92,118],"system":[36,42],"further":[38],"trains":[39],"the":[40,59,65,70,74,99,104,121,150],"zero-shot":[41,105,134],"on":[43,51],"data.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,76],"expand":[50],"by":[54],"incorporating":[55],"monolingual":[56,78,94],"in":[58,145],"pivot":[60,66,154],"language":[61,67,72,115],"into":[62],"training;":[63],"since":[64],"usually":[69],"highest-resource":[71],"of":[73],"three,":[75],"expect":[77],"pivot-language":[79],"be":[82],"most":[83],"abundant.":[84],"We":[85,108,123],"propose":[86],"methods":[87,111,128],"for":[88,97,112],"generating":[89],"pivotlanguage":[93],"leveraging":[98],"improve":[103],"evaluate":[109],"these":[110],"high-resource":[114],"pair":[116],"(German-Russian)":[117],"English":[119],"as":[120],"pivot.":[122],"show":[124],"our":[126],"proposed":[127],"yield":[129],"consistent":[130],"improvements":[131],"over":[132],"strong":[133],"baselines":[137],"even":[139],"catch":[140],"up":[141],"pivot-based":[143],"models":[144,155],"BLEU":[146],"(while":[147],"not":[148],"requiring":[149],"two-pass":[151],"inference":[152],"require).":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}