{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980158279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5609","title":"Controlled Text Generation for Data Augmentation in Intelligent Artificial Agents","display_name":"Controlled Text Generation for Data Augmentation in Intelligent Artificial Agents","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980158279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5609","mag":"2980158279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d19-5609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5609","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-5609.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Neural Generation and Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-5609.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035778334","display_name":"Nikolaos Malandrakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3667-7668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"California Southern University","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Malandrakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Analysis and Interpretation Laboratory (SAIL), USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089","University  of Southern California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Analysis and Interpretation Laboratory (SAIL), USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University  of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055537356","display_name":"Minmin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2345-5361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minmin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Alexa AI","Amazon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Alexa AI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113213603","display_name":"Anuj Goyal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anuj Goyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Alexa AI","Amazon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Alexa AI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091052858","display_name":"Shuyang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-7746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Alexa AI","Amazon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Alexa AI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017847508","display_name":"Abhishek Sethi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-3059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhishek Sethi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Alexa AI","Amazon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Alexa AI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064185910","display_name":"Angeliki Metallinou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089985","display_name":"Amazon (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9ktm87","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angeliki Metallinou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Alexa AI","Amazon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Alexa AI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089985"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"90","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7853155136108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7306807637214661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.6555811166763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6318175196647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5820698142051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5232947468757629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5221569538116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4989948272705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4393627643585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11068162322044373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7853155136108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7306807637214661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.6555811166763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6318175196647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5820698142051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5232947468757629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5221569538116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4989948272705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4393627643585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11068162322044373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d19-5609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5609","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-5609.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Neural Generation and Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.03487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.03487","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.03487","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2980158279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.03487.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1910.03487","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.03487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d19-5609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5609","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-5609.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Neural Generation and Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980158279.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980158279.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2108501770","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2189246496","https://openalex.org/W2302086703","https://openalex.org/W2547875792","https://openalex.org/W2606974598","https://openalex.org/W2611714756","https://openalex.org/W2620623908","https://openalex.org/W2735642330","https://openalex.org/W2949335953","https://openalex.org/W2951004968","https://openalex.org/W2952463445","https://openalex.org/W2962717182","https://openalex.org/W2963188990","https://openalex.org/W2963223306","https://openalex.org/W2963248348","https://openalex.org/W2963790827","https://openalex.org/W2963926704","https://openalex.org/W2964268978"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3212168566","https://openalex.org/W3108691183","https://openalex.org/W2786726542","https://openalex.org/W2071442870","https://openalex.org/W3015996451","https://openalex.org/W3004964945","https://openalex.org/W3015256249","https://openalex.org/W2994150880","https://openalex.org/W3105981160","https://openalex.org/W2982589253","https://openalex.org/W3197836523","https://openalex.org/W3207672581","https://openalex.org/W2025983224","https://openalex.org/W3186597808","https://openalex.org/W2580916324","https://openalex.org/W3127269327","https://openalex.org/W3198963170","https://openalex.org/W2564122329","https://openalex.org/W2513329551","https://openalex.org/W3040845823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0],"availability":[1],"is":[2],"a":[3,31,51],"bottleneck":[4],"during":[5],"early":[6],"stages":[7],"of":[8,10,21,30,38,43,46,53,120],"development":[9,45],"new":[11,47],"capabilities":[12],"for":[13,57],"intelligent":[14],"artificial":[15,34],"agents.":[16],"We":[17,49],"investigate":[18],"the":[19,27,41,82,89,118],"use":[20],"text":[22,85],"generation":[23,61,86],"techniques":[24],"to":[25,105,110],"augment":[26],"training":[28,59,96],"data":[29,60,78,91],"popular":[32],"commercial":[33],"agent":[35],"across":[36],"categories":[37],"functionality,":[39],"with":[40,76],"goal":[42],"faster":[44],"functionality.":[48],"explore":[50],"variety":[52],"encoderdecoder":[54],"generative":[55],"models":[56],"synthetic":[58],"and":[62,79],"propose":[63],"using":[64],"conditional":[65],"variational":[66],"auto-encoders.":[67],"Our":[68],"approach":[69],"requires":[70],"only":[71],"direct":[72],"optimization,":[73],"works":[74],"well":[75],"limited":[77],"significantly":[80],"outperforms":[81],"previous":[83],"controlled":[84],"techniques.":[87],"Further,":[88],"generated":[90],"are":[92],"used":[93],"as":[94],"additional":[95],"samples":[97],"in":[98,114],"an":[99],"extrinsic":[100],"intent":[101],"classification":[102],"task,":[103],"leading":[104],"improved":[106],"performance":[107],"by":[108],"up":[109],"5%":[111],"absolute":[112],"f-score":[113],"low-resource":[115],"cases,":[116],"validating":[117],"usefulness":[119],"our":[121],"approach.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
