{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2986670783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5203","title":"Controlling Japanese Honorifics in English-to-Japanese Neural Machine Translation","display_name":"Controlling Japanese Honorifics in English-to-Japanese Neural Machine Translation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2986670783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5203","mag":"2986670783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d19-5203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5203","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-5203.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Asian Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-5203.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067609856","display_name":"Weston Feely","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128626","display_name":"Cambridge Mechatronics (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03kc5dr38","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128626"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weston Feely","raw_affiliation_strings":["SDL Research *Los Angeles, CA, Cambridge, UK","SDL Research *Los Angeles, CA, \u2020Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SDL Research *Los Angeles, CA, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128626"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SDL Research *Los Angeles, CA, \u2020Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069654424","display_name":"Eva Hasler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128626","display_name":"Cambridge Mechatronics (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03kc5dr38","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128626"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Hasler","raw_affiliation_strings":["SDL Research *Los Angeles, CA, Cambridge, UK","SDL Research *Los Angeles, CA, \u2020Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SDL Research *Los Angeles, CA, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128626"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SDL Research *Los Angeles, CA, \u2020Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041559636","display_name":"Adri\u00e0 de Gispert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128626","display_name":"Cambridge Mechatronics (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03kc5dr38","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128626"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adri\u00e0 de Gispert","raw_affiliation_strings":["SDL Research *Los Angeles, CA, Cambridge, UK","SDL Research *Los Angeles, CA, \u2020Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SDL Research *Los Angeles, CA, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128626"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SDL Research *Los Angeles, CA, \u2020Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128626"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"45","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formality","display_name":"Formality","score":0.8392730951309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/honorific","display_name":"Honorific","score":0.8215423822402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7150996327400208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politeness","display_name":"Politeness","score":0.7099950313568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.583278238773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5071961879730225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5026957988739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4806217551231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4771972596645355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deference","display_name":"Deference","score":0.44705429673194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2730730175971985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777159308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757948","display_name":"Formality","level":2,"score":0.8392730951309204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777803258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1326966","display_name":"Honorific","level":2,"score":0.8215423822402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7150996327400208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61123122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281287","display_name":"Politeness","level":2,"score":0.7099950313568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.583278238773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5071961879730225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5026957988739014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4806217551231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4771972596645355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780597233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396568","display_name":"Deference","level":2,"score":0.44705429673194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2730730175971985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d19-5203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5203","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-5203.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Asian Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d19-5203","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d19-5203","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-5203.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Asian Translation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2986670783.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2986670783.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2127863960","https://openalex.org/W2467834614","https://openalex.org/W2550821151","https://openalex.org/W2576482813","https://openalex.org/W2595715041","https://openalex.org/W2757920198","https://openalex.org/W2758334418","https://openalex.org/W2787026069","https://openalex.org/W2807895655","https://openalex.org/W2962731009","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2963626623","https://openalex.org/W2963697731","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2970015022","https://openalex.org/W2988037059"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W25517187","https://openalex.org/W2480381080","https://openalex.org/W3121967309","https://openalex.org/W2041349181","https://openalex.org/W3217118916","https://openalex.org/W1893020024","https://openalex.org/W2385355370","https://openalex.org/W1606805026","https://openalex.org/W165518953","https://openalex.org/W2571092291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,20],"the":[1,29,80,87,113],"Japanese":[2,34,52,88,105],"language":[3],"different":[4,108],"levels":[5,59],"of":[6,31,33,57,60,82,103],"honorific":[7,47,83,109],"speech":[8,65,84,110],"are":[9],"used":[10],"to":[11,45,96],"convey":[12],"respect,":[13],"deference,":[14],"humility,":[15],"formality":[16,32],"and":[17],"social":[18],"distance.":[19],"this":[21,93],"paper,":[22],"we":[23,50],"present":[24,85],"a":[25,76],"method":[26],"for":[27,112],"controlling":[28],"level":[30,81],"output":[35],"in":[36,66,86,107],"English-to-Japanese":[37],"neural":[38],"machine":[39],"translation":[40],"(NMT).":[41],"By":[42],"using":[43],"heuristics":[44],"identify":[46],"verb":[48],"forms,":[49],"classify":[51],"sentences":[53],"as":[54],"being":[55],"one":[56],"three":[58],"informal,":[61],"polite,":[62],"or":[63],"formal":[64],"parallel":[67,94],"text.":[68],"The":[69],"English":[70,115],"source":[71],"side":[72],"is":[73],"marked":[74],"with":[75],"feature":[77],"that":[78],"identifies":[79],"target":[89],"side.":[90],"We":[91],"use":[92],"text":[95],"train":[97],"an":[98],"English-Japanese":[99],"NMT":[100],"model":[101],"capable":[102],"producing":[104],"translations":[106],"styles":[111],"same":[114],"input":[116],"sentence.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}