{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2892131163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1545","title":"Data Augmentation via Dependency Tree Morphing for Low-Resource Languages","display_name":"Data Augmentation via Dependency Tree Morphing for Low-Resource Languages","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2892131163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1545","mag":"2892131163"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1545","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1545.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1545.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078696090","display_name":"G\u00f6zde G\u00fcl \u015eahin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0332-1657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00f6zde G\u00fcl \u015eahin","raw_affiliation_strings":["UKP Lab, Department of Computer Science Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UKP Lab, Department of Computer Science Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055023881","display_name":"Mark Steedman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2509-0797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark Steedman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055023881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.6003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97322576,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8543002605438232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.7843649983406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphing","display_name":"Morphing","score":0.6335324645042419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6186456680297852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6003977060317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5359049439430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5270483493804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4845408499240875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4704282283782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33484768867492676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8543002605438232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7843649983406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50637493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136781","display_name":"Morphing","level":2,"score":0.6335324645042419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6186456680297852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6003977060317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5359049439430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5270483493804932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4845408499240875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4704282283782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33484768867492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1545","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1545.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:polen.itu.edu.tr:11527/43282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11527/43282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400460","display_name":"Istanbul Technical University Academic Open Archive (Istanbul Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48912391","host_organization_name":"Istanbul Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48912391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/d412fd15-21b8-4de8-a557-fcd41e5960bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/d412fd15-21b8-4de8-a557-fcd41e5960bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sahin, G G & Steedman, M 2018, Data Augmentation via Dependency Tree Morphing for Low Resource Languages. in Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. pp. 5004-5009, 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Brussels, Belgium, 31/10/18. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D18-1545","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/d412fd15-21b8-4de8-a557-fcd41e5960bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/d412fd15-21b8-4de8-a557-fcd41e5960bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1545","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1545","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1545.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7252674590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2214-A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","funder_display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322626","display_name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9kkr77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324489","display_name":"Istanbul Teknik \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/059636586"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2892131163.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2892131163.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1899794420","https://openalex.org/W2109881807","https://openalex.org/W2141125852","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2170240176","https://openalex.org/W2184343439","https://openalex.org/W2252016195","https://openalex.org/W2342547278","https://openalex.org/W2407080277","https://openalex.org/W2515737026","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2915774325","https://openalex.org/W2963012544","https://openalex.org/W2963543871","https://openalex.org/W2963655793","https://openalex.org/W3098341425"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1679315481","https://openalex.org/W3151495635","https://openalex.org/W4236870338","https://openalex.org/W2016917053","https://openalex.org/W51472912","https://openalex.org/W4361020386","https://openalex.org/W4362722828","https://openalex.org/W2375652671","https://openalex.org/W4205835231","https://openalex.org/W1479940569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"NLP":[1],"systems":[2],"achieve":[3],"high":[4],"scores":[5],"in":[6,22,72],"the":[7,23,54,58,66,85,101,110],"presence":[8],"of":[9,14,69,109],"sizable":[10],"training":[11,67],"dataset.":[12],"Lack":[13],"such":[15],"datasets":[16,87],"leads":[17],"to":[18,64],"poor":[19],"system":[20],"performances":[21],"case":[24,117],"low-resource":[25,70],"languages.":[26],"We":[27,41,60,76,92],"present":[28],"two":[29],"simple":[30],"text":[31],"augmentation":[32],"techniques":[33,63],"using":[34],"dependency":[35,46],"trees,":[36],"inspired":[37],"from":[38],"image":[39],"processing.":[40],"\"crop\"":[42],"sentences":[43,51],"by":[44,52],"removing":[45],"links,":[47],"and":[48,83,96],"we":[49],"\"rotate\"":[50],"moving":[53],"tree":[55],"fragments":[56],"around":[57],"root.":[59],"apply":[61],"these":[62],"augment":[65],"sets":[68],"languages":[71,114],"Universal":[73],"Dependencies":[74],"project.":[75],"implement":[77],"a":[78],"character-level":[79],"sequence":[80],"tagging":[81,90],"model":[82],"evaluate":[84],"augmented":[86],"on":[88],"part-of-speech":[89],"task.":[91],"show":[93],"that":[94],"crop":[95],"rotate":[97],"provides":[98],"improvements":[99],"over":[100],"models":[102],"trained":[103],"with":[104,115],"non-augmented":[105],"data":[106],"for":[107,113],"majority":[108],"languages,":[111],"especially":[112],"rich":[116],"marking":[118],"systems.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
