{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889404673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1509","title":"A Tree-based Decoder for Neural Machine Translation","display_name":"A Tree-based Decoder for Neural Machine Translation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889404673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1509","mag":"2889404673"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1509","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1509.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1509.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100382950","display_name":"Xinyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6280-1300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technology Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technology Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101426340","display_name":"Hieu Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-5053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hieu Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Brain, Mountain View, CA 94043","Language Technology Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Brain, Mountain View, CA 94043","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technology Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078519761","display_name":"Pengcheng Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2739-1032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technology Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technology Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068811427","display_name":"Graham Neubig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2072-3789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Graham Neubig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Language Technology Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Technology Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4772","last_page":"4777"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.960099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8592810034751892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.8519180417060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.6873242855072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5987899899482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parse-tree","display_name":"Parse tree","score":0.5938029885292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.568213164806366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5168643593788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstract-syntax-tree","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","score":0.5115405321121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.5026860237121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formalism","display_name":"Formalism (music)","score":0.5022203922271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5015192031860352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-tree","display_name":"Binary tree","score":0.4722173511981964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.4567069709300995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4277046024799347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.29559314250946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08687448501586914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8592810034751892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.8519180417060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.6873242855072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5987899899482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781466058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627921","display_name":"Parse tree","level":3,"score":0.5938029885292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.568213164806366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5168643593788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58646249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127380","display_name":"Abstract syntax tree","level":3,"score":0.5115405321121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5026860237121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.5022203922271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5015192031860352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.4722173511981964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.4567069709300995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4277046024799347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29559314250946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08687448501586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1509","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1509.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1509","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1509.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1197061222","display_name":"SHF: Small: Open-domain, Data-driven Code Synthesis from Natural Language","funder_award_id":"1815287","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2889404673.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2889404673.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W108437174","https://openalex.org/W1508977358","https://openalex.org/W1551202288","https://openalex.org/W1753482797","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W2006019948","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2139621418","https://openalex.org/W2165666205","https://openalex.org/W2250841445","https://openalex.org/W2250861254","https://openalex.org/W2563574619","https://openalex.org/W2594047108","https://openalex.org/W2737638662","https://openalex.org/W2739894144","https://openalex.org/W2751262944","https://openalex.org/W2953830716","https://openalex.org/W2962784628","https://openalex.org/W2963073938","https://openalex.org/W2963617989","https://openalex.org/W2963648186","https://openalex.org/W2963661253","https://openalex.org/W2963888305","https://openalex.org/W2963913268","https://openalex.org/W2964308564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577008590","https://openalex.org/W3150103404","https://openalex.org/W1972256049","https://openalex.org/W3091995628","https://openalex.org/W1978807050","https://openalex.org/W2083278176","https://openalex.org/W2890975198","https://openalex.org/W2043093716","https://openalex.org/W2025162285","https://openalex.org/W2067642082"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2],"Neural":[3],"Machine":[4],"Translation":[5],"(NMT)":[6],"show":[7,110],"that":[8,48,85,114],"adding":[9],"syntactic":[10],"information":[11],"to":[12,138,151],"NMT":[13,83],"systems":[14],"can":[15,86],"improve":[16],"the":[17,70,89,97,111,118],"quality":[18],"of":[19,29,62,91],"their":[20],"translations.":[21],"Most":[22],"existing":[23],"work":[24],"utilizes":[25],"some":[26],"specific":[27,64],"types":[28],"linguisticallyinspired":[30],"tree":[31,54,94,106],"structures,":[32],"like":[33],"constituency":[34],"and":[35,100,142],"dependency":[36],"parse":[37],"trees.":[38],"This":[39],"is":[40,58,69],"often":[41],"done":[42],"via":[43],"a":[44,51],"standard":[45,133],"RNN":[46],"decoder":[47],"operates":[49],"on":[50,96],"linearized":[52],"target":[53,98,105],"structure.":[55],"However,":[56],"it":[57],"an":[59,82,92],"open":[60],"question":[61],"what":[63],"linguistic":[65,128],"formalism,":[66],"if":[67],"any,":[68],"best":[71,119],"structural":[72],"representation":[73],"for":[74,145],"NMT.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77,130],"paper,":[78],"we":[79],"(1)":[80],"propose":[81],"model":[84,116,131],"naturally":[87],"generate":[88],"topology":[90],"arbitrary":[93],"structure":[95],"side,":[99],"(2)":[101],"experiment":[102],"with":[103,121],"various":[104],"structures.":[107],"Our":[108],"experiments":[109],"surprising":[112],"result":[113],"our":[115],"delivers":[117],"improvements":[120],"balanced":[122],"binary":[123],"trees":[124],"constructed":[125],"without":[126],"any":[127],"knowledge;":[129],"outperforms":[132],"seq2seq":[134],"models":[135],"by":[136,149],"up":[137,150],"2.1":[139],"BLEU":[140],"points,":[141],"other":[143],"methods":[144],"incorporating":[146],"target-side":[147],"syntax":[148],"0.7":[152],"BLEU.":[153],"1":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}