{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2892205701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1313","title":"The Lazy Encoder: A Fine-Grained Analysis of the Role of Morphology in Neural Machine Translation","display_name":"The Lazy Encoder: A Fine-Grained Analysis of the Role of Morphology in Neural Machine Translation","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2892205701","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1313","mag":"2892205701"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1313","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1313.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1313.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019968969","display_name":"Arianna Bisazza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1270-3048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","display_name":"Leiden University","ror":"https://ror.org/027bh9e22","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arianna Bisazza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leiden University The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091279302","display_name":"Clara Tump","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clara Tump","raw_affiliation_strings":["KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2871","last_page":"2876"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9819999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9091657400131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.8718829154968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7763413786888123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.6950454115867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6338319778442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6168776750564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5619964599609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.530217707157135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5138540267944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4852735698223114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.47077271342277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Transfer-based machine translation","score":0.45727279782295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.28228431940078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0692082941532135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9091657400131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.8718829154968262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7763413786888123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.6950454115867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6338319778442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6168776750564575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5619964599609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.530217707157135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5138540267944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4852735698223114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47077271342277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130597682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6961922","display_name":"Transfer-based machine translation","level":4,"score":0.45727279782295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.28228431940078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0692082941532135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1313","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1313.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:rug:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/6ff35153-a8e7-4e3e-bdd2-47453dace976","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/en/publications/the-lazy-encoder-a-finegrained-analysis-of-the-role-of-morphology-in-neural-machine-translation(6ff35153-a8e7-4e3e-bdd2-47453dace976).html","pdf_url":"https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/en/publications/the-lazy-encoder-a-finegrained-analysis-of-the-role-of-morphology-in-neural-machine-translation(6ff35153-a8e7-4e3e-bdd2-47453dace976).html","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2018, 2871 - 2876","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookpart"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/6ff35153-a8e7-4e3e-bdd2-47453dace976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d18-1313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1313","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D18-1313.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2354335809","display_name":"Connecting the Dots: Minimal Structure Modeling for Machine Translation","funder_award_id":"639.021.646","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321008","display_name":"Universiteit van Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2892205701.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2892205701.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22168010","https://openalex.org/W1498740961","https://openalex.org/W1552062513","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2153579005","https://openalex.org/W2264869955","https://openalex.org/W2357843841","https://openalex.org/W2550821151","https://openalex.org/W2563574619","https://openalex.org/W2605717780","https://openalex.org/W2625014264","https://openalex.org/W2767862400","https://openalex.org/W2773621464","https://openalex.org/W2773956126","https://openalex.org/W2962777840","https://openalex.org/W2963641561","https://openalex.org/W2963876447","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4300062960"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559710535","https://openalex.org/W2962780935","https://openalex.org/W4283822356","https://openalex.org/W1950940422","https://openalex.org/W2129146436","https://openalex.org/W2032507829","https://openalex.org/W2010336863","https://openalex.org/W2566847733","https://openalex.org/W2147282173","https://openalex.org/W4378619223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"sequence-to-sequence":[1],"models":[2],"have":[3],"proven":[4],"very":[5],"effective":[6],"for":[7],"machine":[8,33],"translation,":[9,34],"but":[10],"at":[11,48],"the":[12,22,29,52,57,69,92,100],"expense":[13],"of":[14,31,40,51,71],"model":[15],"interpretability.":[16],"To":[17],"shed":[18],"more":[19],"light":[20],"into":[21],"role":[23],"played":[24],"by":[25],"linguistic":[26],"structure":[27],"in":[28,87],"process":[30],"neural":[32],"we":[35,64],"perform":[36],"a":[37],"fine-grained":[38],"analysis":[39],"how":[41],"various":[42],"source-side":[43],"morphological":[44,82],"features":[45,83],"are":[46,84,96],"captured":[47,86],"different":[49],"levels":[50],"NMT":[53],"encoder":[54],"while":[55],"varying":[56],"target":[58,101],"language.":[59],"Differently":[60],"from":[61],"previous":[62],"work,":[63],"find":[65,80],"no":[66],"correlation":[67],"between":[68],"accuracy":[70],"source":[72],"morphology":[73],"encoding":[74],"and":[75,89],"translation":[76],"quality.":[77],"We":[78],"do":[79],"that":[81,94],"only":[85,90],"context":[88],"to":[91,99],"extent":[93],"they":[95],"directly":[97],"transferable":[98],"words.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}