{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2730230212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d17-1321","title":"Natural Language Does Not Emerge \u2018Naturally\u2019 in Multi-Agent Dialog","display_name":"Natural Language Does Not Emerge \u2018Naturally\u2019 in Multi-Agent Dialog","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2730230212","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d17-1321","mag":"2730230212"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d17-1321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d17-1321","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D17-1321.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural\n          Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D17-1321.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070914582","display_name":"Satwik Kottur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satwik Kottur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University,","Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045861415","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. F. Moura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-8294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Moura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University,","Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051259505","display_name":"Stefan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5953-1963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800444561","display_name":"Atlanta Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01s3vfp47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Tech,","Virginia Tech,","Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Tech,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561","https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014035752","display_name":"Dhruv Batra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1358-0011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252078561","display_name":"Meta (Israel)","ror":"https://ror.org/02388em19","country_code":"IL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800444561","display_name":"Atlanta Technical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01s3vfp47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561"]}],"countries":["IL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhruv Batra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook AI Research","Georgia Tech,","Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook AI Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252078561"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Tech,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800444561","https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2962","last_page":"2967"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialog-box","display_name":"Dialog box","score":0.8495460152626038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7372437119483948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.7285999059677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7148858904838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.6097410917282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.5893510580062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.4531956911087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-language","display_name":"Human language","score":0.44459208846092224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43055811524391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.41089847683906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3975386321544647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.20479953289031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.146251380443573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0936528742313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.0862705409526825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173853756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q86915","display_name":"Dialog box","level":2,"score":0.8495460152626038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7372437119483948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.7285999059677124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7148858904838562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.6097410917282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5893510580062866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4531956911087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993724205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315","display_name":"Human language","level":2,"score":0.44459208846092224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43055811524391174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.41089847683906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3975386321544647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.20479953289031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.146251380443573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0936528742313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0862705409526825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d17-1321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d17-1321","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D17-1321.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural\n          Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1706.08502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1706.08502","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.08502","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2730230212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/1706.08502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1706.08502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.08502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d17-1321","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d17-1321","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D17-1321.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural\n          Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2730230212.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2730230212.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W836999996","https://openalex.org/W1525482321","https://openalex.org/W1967449835","https://openalex.org/W2047192163","https://openalex.org/W2142947219","https://openalex.org/W2160003140","https://openalex.org/W2337601653","https://openalex.org/W2395575420","https://openalex.org/W2402402867","https://openalex.org/W2403702038","https://openalex.org/W2558809543","https://openalex.org/W2583186419","https://openalex.org/W2602275733","https://openalex.org/W2621379712","https://openalex.org/W2768661419","https://openalex.org/W2950472486","https://openalex.org/W2953119472","https://openalex.org/W2962883855","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964193163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2953119472","https://openalex.org/W2950472486","https://openalex.org/W2787615430","https://openalex.org/W2395575420","https://openalex.org/W2547875792","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2963881016","https://openalex.org/W2786533521","https://openalex.org/W2626778328","https://openalex.org/W2621379712","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2133665490","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W275510463","https://openalex.org/W2099618002","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2080213916"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2,11,24,60,102,104],"recent":[3,111],"works":[4],"have":[5,19],"proposed":[6],"techniques":[7],"for":[8],"end-to-end":[9],"learning":[10],"communication":[12],"protocols":[13,30],"among":[14],"cooperative":[15],"multi-agent":[16],"populations,":[17],"and":[18,127,130],"simultaneously":[20],"found":[21],"the":[22,29,33,100,121],"emergence":[23],"grounded":[25],"human-interpretable":[26],"language":[27,94],"in":[28,64],"developed":[31],"by":[32,132],"agents,":[34],"learned":[35],"without":[36],"any":[37],"human":[38],"supervision!":[39],"In":[40,88],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"using":[43],"a":[44,54,58,65],"Task":[45],"&":[46],"Talk":[47],"reference":[48],"game":[49],"between":[50],"two":[51,137],"agents":[52,138],"as":[53],"testbed,":[55],"we":[56,90],"present":[57],"sequence":[59],"'negative'":[61],"results":[62],"culminating":[63],"'positive'":[66],"one":[67,107],"-showing":[68],"that":[69,92,106],"while":[70],"most":[71],"agent-invented":[72],"languages":[73,123],"are":[74,82],"effective":[75],"(i.e.":[76],"achieve":[77],"near-perfect":[78],"task":[79],"rewards),":[80],"they":[81],"decidedly":[83],"not":[84,96],"interpretable":[85],"or":[86],"compositional.":[87],"essence,":[89],"find":[91],"natural":[93],"does":[95],"emerge":[97],"'naturally',":[98],"despite":[99],"semblance":[101],"ease":[103],"natural-language-emergence":[105],"may":[108,139],"gather":[109],"from":[110],"literature.":[112],"We":[113],"discuss":[114],"how":[115,136],"it":[116],"is":[117],"possible":[118],"to":[119,124],"coax":[120],"invented":[122],"become":[125],"more":[126,128],"human-like":[129],"compositional":[131],"increasing":[133],"restrictions":[134],"on":[135],"communicate.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}