{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2738919465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d17-1303","title":"Image Pivoting for Learning Multilingual Multimodal Representations","display_name":"Image Pivoting for Learning Multilingual Multimodal Representations","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2738919465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d17-1303","mag":"2738919465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d17-1303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d17-1303","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D17-1303.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural\n          Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D17-1303.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041111343","display_name":"Spandana Gella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2725-4476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107233","display_name":"Language Science (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/01h9v1373","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107233"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB","KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Spandana Gella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Language, Cognition and Computation School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Language, Cognition and Computation School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107233","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005771535","display_name":"Rico Sennrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1438-4741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107233","display_name":"Language Science (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/01h9v1373","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107233"]}],"countries":["GB","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rico Sennrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Language, Cognition and Computation School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","Institute of Language, Cognition and Computation"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Language, Cognition and Computation School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107233","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Language, Cognition and Computation","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054936589","display_name":"Frank Keller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8242-4362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107233","display_name":"Language Science (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/01h9v1373","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107233"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Keller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Language, Cognition and Computation School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","Institute of Language, Cognition and Computation"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Language, Cognition and Computation School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107233","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Language, Cognition and Computation","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041024491","display_name":"Mirella Lapata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2107-1516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107233","display_name":"Language Science (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/01h9v1373","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107233"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirella Lapata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Language, Cognition and Computation School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","Institute of Language, Cognition and Computation"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Language, Cognition and Computation School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107233","https://openalex.org/I98677209"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Language, Cognition and Computation","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041111343"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107233","https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.65243288,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87176459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2839","last_page":"2845"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.749160885810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6684151887893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6646440029144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6507631540298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6231885552406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.6206835508346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.6159542798995972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.6018502116203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german","display_name":"German","score":0.5847204923629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5827586650848389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.47475889325141907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33785074949264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2246147096157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1634189486503601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.749160885810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6684151887893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6646440029144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6507631540298462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6231885552406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6206835508346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.6159542798995972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.6018502116203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.5847204923629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5827586650848389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.47475889325141907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33785074949264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2246147096157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1634189486503601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d17-1303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d17-1303","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D17-1303.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural\n          Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1707.07601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1707.07601","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.07601","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/77a6d45f-0916-451e-83b8-b248cf5d7954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://aclweb.org/anthology/D17-1303","pdf_url":"https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/40221454/644_Paper_1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gella, S, Sennrich, R, Keller, F & Lapata, M 2017, Image Pivoting for Learning Multilingual Multimodal Representations. in Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 2839-2845, EMNLP 2017: Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Copenhagen, Denmark, 7/09/17. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D17-1303","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"mag:2738919465","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.07601.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/77a6d45f-0916-451e-83b8-b248cf5d7954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/77a6d45f-0916-451e-83b8-b248cf5d7954","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gella, S, Sennrich, R, Keller, F & Lapata, M 2017, Image Pivoting for Learning Multilingual Multimodal Representations. in Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 2839-2845, EMNLP 2017: Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Copenhagen, Denmark, 7/09/17. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D17-1303","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1707.07601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1707.07601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d17-1303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d17-1303","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D17-1303.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural\n          Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2738919465.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2738919465.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W68733909","https://openalex.org/W92662927","https://openalex.org/W771469340","https://openalex.org/W1523385540","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1895577753","https://openalex.org/W1931639407","https://openalex.org/W1947481528","https://openalex.org/W1949478088","https://openalex.org/W2111666304","https://openalex.org/W2112912048","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2119775030","https://openalex.org/W2123024445","https://openalex.org/W2126400076","https://openalex.org/W2149557440","https://openalex.org/W2164290393","https://openalex.org/W2185175083","https://openalex.org/W2251861449","https://openalex.org/W2293344577","https://openalex.org/W2346425926","https://openalex.org/W2418300416","https://openalex.org/W2509282593","https://openalex.org/W2509490957","https://openalex.org/W2592831379","https://openalex.org/W2611064105","https://openalex.org/W2622000134","https://openalex.org/W2950012948","https://openalex.org/W2962706528","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963324994","https://openalex.org/W2963899908","https://openalex.org/W2964007535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963496089","https://openalex.org/W2970632400","https://openalex.org/W3014388799","https://openalex.org/W2903725965","https://openalex.org/W3110042533","https://openalex.org/W3128528696","https://openalex.org/W3155152110","https://openalex.org/W3105486918","https://openalex.org/W3101533854","https://openalex.org/W150423003","https://openalex.org/W2950821921","https://openalex.org/W2036878610","https://openalex.org/W2293605478","https://openalex.org/W2607475845","https://openalex.org/W2952770757","https://openalex.org/W2250805287","https://openalex.org/W3095440956","https://openalex.org/W2951335911","https://openalex.org/W3021765231","https://openalex.org/W2963442980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,104],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3,107],"propose":[4],"a":[5,36,58,65],"model":[6,34],"to":[7],"learn":[8],"multimodal":[9],"multilingual":[10,25],"representations":[11],"for":[12,39,90],"matching":[13],"images":[14,40],"and":[15,30,41,76,92,94],"sentences":[16],"in":[17,44,102],"different":[18,46],"languages,":[19],"with":[20],"the":[21,55,80],"aim":[22],"of":[23,27,99],"advancing":[24],"versions":[26],"image":[28,31,56,100],"search":[29],"understanding.":[32],"Our":[33],"learns":[35],"common":[37],"representation":[38],"their":[42],"descriptions":[43,101],"two":[45,61,81],"languages":[47],"(which":[48],"need":[49],"not":[50],"be":[51],"parallel)":[52],"by":[53],"considering":[54],"as":[57],"pivot":[59],"between":[60,79],"languages.":[62],"We":[63,83],"introduce":[64],"new":[66],"pairwise":[67],"ranking":[68,89],"loss":[69],"function":[70],"which":[71],"can":[72],"handle":[73],"both":[74,105],"symmetric":[75],"asymmetric":[77],"similarity":[78,98],"modalities.":[82],"evaluate":[84],"our":[85],"models":[86],"on":[87,95],"image-description":[88],"German":[91],"English,":[93],"semantic":[96],"textual":[97],"English.":[103],"cases":[106],"achieve":[108],"state-of-the-art":[109],"performance.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}