{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963088995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d16-1163","title":"Transfer learning for low-resource neural machine translation","display_name":"Transfer learning for low-resource neural machine translation","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963088995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d16-1163","mag":"2963088995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:cdm21054.contentdm.oclc.org:IR/8511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D16-1163 ","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401341","display_name":"Digital Collections portal (Ko\u00e7 University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","host_organization_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"Conference proceeding"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":752,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7476664781570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.6396549344062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.5500667095184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4878378212451935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4819723963737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.4482347369194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.13728871941566467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.09437534213066101}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7476664781570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.6396549344062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.5500667095184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4878378212451935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4819723963737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.4482347369194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.13728871941566467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.09437534213066101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:cdm21054.contentdm.oclc.org:IR/8511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/D16-1163 ","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401341","display_name":"Digital Collections portal (Ko\u00e7 University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1351752","host_organization_name":"Ko\u00e7 University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1351752"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"Conference proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87617161","https://openalex.org/W581956982","https://openalex.org/W932413789","https://openalex.org/W1551202288","https://openalex.org/W1591801644","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W1917432393","https://openalex.org/W1998582365","https://openalex.org/W2116261113","https://openalex.org/W2118434577","https://openalex.org/W2120861206","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2136848157","https://openalex.org/W2140343992","https://openalex.org/W2150355110","https://openalex.org/W2165666205","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2169724380","https://openalex.org/W2172166122","https://openalex.org/W2251743902","https://openalex.org/W2251994258","https://openalex.org/W2278264165","https://openalex.org/W2295582178","https://openalex.org/W2963084471","https://openalex.org/W2963247703","https://openalex.org/W2963522845","https://openalex.org/W2964308564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3011059803","https://openalex.org/W3151736118","https://openalex.org/W4362495644","https://openalex.org/W3201126466","https://openalex.org/W2962780935","https://openalex.org/W4387896177","https://openalex.org/W2807006873","https://openalex.org/W2728761353","https://openalex.org/W2883671469","https://openalex.org/W3123837699"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"encoder-decoder":[1],"framework":[2],"for":[3,21,136],"neural":[4],"machine":[5,111,119,155],"translation":[6,112,120],"(NMT)":[7],"has":[8],"been":[9],"shown":[10],"effective":[11,20],"in":[12],"large":[13],"data":[14],"scenarios,":[15],"but":[16],"is":[17,44],"much":[18],"less":[19],"low-resource":[22,39,64,92,110,154],"languages.":[23,40],"We":[24],"present":[25],"a":[26,36,48,115],"transfer":[27,56,76,133],"learning":[28,77,134],"method":[29,78],"that":[30],"significantly":[31],"improves":[32],"BLEU":[33,89,103],"scores":[34],"across":[35],"range":[37],"of":[38,58,87,147],"Our":[41],"key":[42],"idea":[43],"to":[45,62,69,114],"first":[46],"train":[47],"high-resource":[49],"language":[50,93,128],"pair":[51,65],"(the":[52,66],"parent":[53],"model),":[54],"then":[55],"some":[57],"the":[59,63,106,132,141,151],"learned":[60],"parameters":[61],"child":[67],"model)":[68],"initialize":[70],"and":[71,96],"constrain":[72],"training.":[73],"Using":[74],"our":[75],"we":[79,138],"improve":[80,140],"baseline":[81],"NMT":[82,107],"models":[83],"by":[84,144],"an":[85,145],"average":[86,146],"5.6":[88],"on":[90,109,126,153],"four":[91],"pairs.":[94],"Ensembling":[95],"unknown":[97],"word":[98],"replacement":[99],"add":[100],"another":[101],"2":[102],"which":[104],"brings":[105],"performance":[108,125],"close":[113],"strong":[116],"syntax":[117],"based":[118],"(SBMT)":[121],"system,":[122],"exceeding":[123],"its":[124],"one":[127],"pair.":[129],"Additionally,":[130],"using":[131],"model":[135],"re-scoring,":[137],"can":[139],"SBMT":[142],"system":[143],"1.3":[148],"BLEU,":[149],"improving":[150],"state-of-the-art":[152],"translation.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":146},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":145},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":111},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2019-07-30T00:00:00"}
