{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2460053120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d16-1146","title":"Lifted Rule Injection for Relation Embeddings","display_name":"Lifted Rule Injection for Relation Embeddings","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2460053120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d16-1146","mag":"2460053120"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d16-1146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d16-1146","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D16-1146.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D16-1146.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075509168","display_name":"Thomas Demeester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-5768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801227569","display_name":"Ghent University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00xmkp704","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39327780","display_name":"iMinds","ror":"https://ror.org/03baec336","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39327780"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Demeester","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghent University -iMinds Ghent , Belgium","Ghent University -iMinds Ghent, Belgium","Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University -iMinds Ghent , Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39327780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University -iMinds Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I39327780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801227569"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079315903","display_name":"Tim Rockt\u00e4schel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Rockt\u00e4schel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101404695","display_name":"Sebastian Riedel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-2486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144746","display_name":"The London College","ror":"https://ror.org/0546ajs61","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144746"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Riedel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London London , UK","University College London London, UK","University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London London , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144746","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1389","last_page":"1399"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wordnet","display_name":"WordNet","score":0.7436184287071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7286491394042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.6466060280799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.6201935410499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6089227199554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5737229585647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5721836090087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-inference","display_name":"Rule of inference","score":0.562842071056366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commonsense-knowledge","display_name":"Commonsense knowledge","score":0.5618821382522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5444719195365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5143638849258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commonsense-reasoning","display_name":"Commonsense reasoning","score":0.4782751500606537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuple","display_name":"Tuple","score":0.47706663608551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.46989724040031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.46189653873443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-representation-and-reasoning","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","score":0.4462507963180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4412868916988373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3997015655040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.22442075610160828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1836806833744049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.1090225875377655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157659113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q533822","display_name":"WordNet","level":2,"score":0.7436184287071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7286491394042969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.6466060280799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.6201935410499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6089227199554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5737229585647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5721836090087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3746660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068763","display_name":"Rule of inference","level":2,"score":0.562842071056366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30542707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1603203","display_name":"Commonsense knowledge","level":3,"score":0.5618821382522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5444719195365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5143638849258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193221554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153664","display_name":"Commonsense reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4782751500606537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118930307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600590","display_name":"Tuple","level":2,"score":0.47706663608551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.46989724040031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.46189653873443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.4462507963180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4412868916988373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3997015655040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.22442075610160828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1836806833744049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.1090225875377655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d16-1146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d16-1146","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D16-1146.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1606.08359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1606.08359","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.08359","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8541783","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8541783","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8541783/file/8541785.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"mag:2460053120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1606.08359.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1527366","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1527366/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In: Su, J and Duh, K and Carreras, X, (eds.) Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. (pp. pp. 1389-1399). Association for Computational Linguistics/Curran Associates (2016)","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1606.08359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1606.08359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d16-1146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d16-1146","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D16-1146.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308943","display_name":"Microsoft Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321730","display_name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/03qtxy027"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322274","display_name":"iMinds","ror":"https://ror.org/03baec336"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322603","display_name":"Universiteit Gent","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2460053120.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2460053120.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73939759","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1529533208","https://openalex.org/W1852412531","https://openalex.org/W1978461101","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2089334447","https://openalex.org/W2094728533","https://openalex.org/W2097286355","https://openalex.org/W2099752825","https://openalex.org/W2102363952","https://openalex.org/W2107272354","https://openalex.org/W2127426251","https://openalex.org/W2140310134","https://openalex.org/W2250532017","https://openalex.org/W2250635077","https://openalex.org/W2251044566","https://openalex.org/W2274308990","https://openalex.org/W2280186906","https://openalex.org/W2296268288","https://openalex.org/W2311110368","https://openalex.org/W2336681149","https://openalex.org/W2511805592","https://openalex.org/W2952155763","https://openalex.org/W2952828476","https://openalex.org/W2963440143","https://openalex.org/W2964224278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127795553","https://openalex.org/W2296268288","https://openalex.org/W2563063592","https://openalex.org/W2432356473","https://openalex.org/W2184957013","https://openalex.org/W2127426251","https://openalex.org/W1529533208","https://openalex.org/W2963290083","https://openalex.org/W2283196293","https://openalex.org/W2963565598","https://openalex.org/W2759136286","https://openalex.org/W2274308990","https://openalex.org/W2094728533","https://openalex.org/W1533230146","https://openalex.org/W2963359213","https://openalex.org/W2311110368","https://openalex.org/W2145544171","https://openalex.org/W2107306718","https://openalex.org/W205829674","https://openalex.org/W1977970897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Methods":[0],"based":[1,93],"on":[2,94],"representation":[3],"learning":[4],"currently":[5],"hold":[6],"the":[7,103,107,114,117],"state-of-the-art":[8],"in":[9,153],"many":[10],"natural":[11],"language":[12],"processing":[13],"and":[14,36,55,85,119],"knowledge":[15,28,74],"base":[16,75],"inference":[17],"tasks.Yet,":[18],"a":[19,61,87,123,144,150],"major":[20],"challenge":[21],"is":[22],"how":[23],"to":[24],"efficiently":[25],"incorporate":[26],"commonsense":[27,130],"into":[29,69,80],"such":[30],"models.A":[31],"recent":[32],"approach":[33],"regularizes":[34],"relation":[35,91],"entity":[37],"representations":[38,71],"by":[39],"propositionalization":[40,45],"of":[41,106,116,136],"first-order":[42],"logic":[43],"rules.However,":[44],"does":[46,111],"not":[47,112],"scale":[48],"beyond":[49],"domains":[50],"with":[51],"only":[52],"few":[53,129],"entities":[54],"rules.In":[56],"this":[57],"paper":[58],"we":[59,100,132],"present":[60],"highly":[62],"efficient":[63],"method":[64],"for":[65,72],"incorporating":[66,128],"implication":[67,95],"rules":[68,96],"distributed":[70],"automated":[73],"construction.We":[76],"map":[77],"entity-tuple":[78,108],"embeddings":[79,92],"an":[81,134],"approximately":[82],"Boolean":[83],"space":[84,110],"encourage":[86],"partial":[88],"ordering":[89],"over":[90,143],"mined":[97],"from":[98],"WordNet.Surprisingly,":[99],"find":[101],"that":[102,125],"strong":[104],"restriction":[105],"embedding":[109],"hurt":[113],"expressiveness":[115],"model":[118],"even":[120],"acts":[121],"as":[122],"regularizer":[124],"improves":[126],"generalization.By":[127],"rules,":[131],"achieve":[133],"increase":[135,152],"2":[137],"percentage":[138],"points":[139],"mean":[140],"average":[141],"precision":[142],"matrix":[145],"factorization":[146],"baseline,":[147],"while":[148],"observing":[149],"negligible":[151],"runtime.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}