{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2252077675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d15-1236","title":"Answering Elementary Science Questions by Constructing Coherent Scenes using Background Knowledge","display_name":"Answering Elementary Science Questions by Constructing Coherent Scenes using Background Knowledge","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2252077675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d15-1236","mag":"2252077675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d15-1236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d15-1236","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D15-1236.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D15-1236.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421407","display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0403-7287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Santa Barbara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081635691","display_name":"Peter E. Clark","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8006-7015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156221","display_name":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/05w520734","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALLEN INSTITUTE FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALLEN INSTITUTE FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0288,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.788916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2007","last_page":"2012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7230221033096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6441625356674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graph","display_name":"Knowledge graph","score":0.616478443145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.5795593857765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.5422616004943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.4766560196876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4490283131599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ask-price","display_name":"Ask price","score":0.44009512662887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4268026053905487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.42572134733200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-representation","display_name":"Mental representation","score":0.4101611375808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3999972641468048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37017959356307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3304332494735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3274462819099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.1790357530117035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.11227735877037048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1104716956615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10697111487388611}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7230221033096313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6441625356674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.616478443145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.5795593857765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5422616004943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4766560196876526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4490283131599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90329073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q914232","display_name":"Ask price","level":2,"score":0.44009512662887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4268026053905487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42572134733200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96199812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145290","display_name":"Mental representation","level":3,"score":0.4101611375808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3999972641468048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37017959356307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3304332494735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3274462819099426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.1790357530117035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.11227735877037048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1104716956615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10697111487388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d15-1236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d15-1236","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D15-1236.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.698.1954","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.698.1954","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://aclweb.org/anthology/D/D15/D15-1236.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.707.3915","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.707.3915","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cs.ucsb.edu/%7Eyangli/paper/emnlp15_li.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d15-1236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d15-1236","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D15-1236.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317052","display_name":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/05w520734"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2252077675.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2252077675.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123366752","https://openalex.org/W1567337990","https://openalex.org/W1581268989","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1964419312","https://openalex.org/W1966204847","https://openalex.org/W1991145433","https://openalex.org/W2035050715","https://openalex.org/W2035726644","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2113634327","https://openalex.org/W2136352229","https://openalex.org/W2148721079","https://openalex.org/W2161951443","https://openalex.org/W2171278097","https://openalex.org/W2250249423","https://openalex.org/W4386506836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W2885125400","https://openalex.org/W1989889224","https://openalex.org/W4382618745","https://openalex.org/W1973775000","https://openalex.org/W2748922771","https://openalex.org/W4401140950","https://openalex.org/W4400650325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Much":[0],"of":[1,40],"what":[2,30],"we":[3],"understand":[4],"from":[5],"text":[6,31],"is":[7],"not":[8],"explicitly":[9],"stated.":[10],"Rather,":[11],"the":[12,41,53],"reader":[13],"uses":[14],"his/her":[15],"knowledge":[16],"to":[17,33,47],"fill":[18],"in":[19],"gaps":[20],"and":[21,43],"create":[22],"a":[23],"coherent,":[24],"mental":[25],"picture":[26],"or":[27],"\"scene\"":[28],"depicting":[29],"appears":[32],"convey.":[34],"The":[35],"scene":[36],"constitutes":[37],"an":[38],"understanding":[39],"text,":[42],"can":[44],"be":[45],"used":[46],"answer":[48],"questions":[49],"that":[50],"go":[51],"beyond":[52],"text.":[54]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
