{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2250206255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d13-1022","title":"Optimal Beam Search for Machine Translation","display_name":"Optimal Beam Search for Machine Translation","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2250206255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d13-1022","mag":"2250206255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d13-1022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d13-1022","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D13-1022.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D13-1022.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062546146","display_name":"Alexander M. Rush","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-1606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Rush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100894936","display_name":"Yin-Wen Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin-Wen Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074839699","display_name":"Michael J. Collins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5226-5498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"210","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.968999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-search","display_name":"Beam search","score":0.8103861808776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7493040561676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.7426718473434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.7351073026657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.6753464937210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase","display_name":"Phrase","score":0.6648329496383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.5440040230751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46144384145736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.4559633433818817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-context-free-grammar","display_name":"Synchronous context-free grammar","score":0.44738107919692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Transfer-based machine translation","score":0.4404556453227997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backtracking","display_name":"Backtracking","score":0.44003167748451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-algorithm","display_name":"Search algorithm","score":0.3983401656150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3583136200904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.28400957584381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1787557303905487}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19889080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835852","display_name":"Beam search","level":3,"score":0.8103861808776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7493040561676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7426718473434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.7351073026657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.6753464937210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776224158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187931","display_name":"Phrase","level":2,"score":0.6648329496383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.5440040230751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46144384145736694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4559633433818817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51802942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662211","display_name":"Synchronous context-free grammar","level":4,"score":0.44738107919692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130597682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6961922","display_name":"Transfer-based machine translation","level":4,"score":0.4404556453227997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156884757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798554","display_name":"Backtracking","level":2,"score":0.44003167748451233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125583679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755673","display_name":"Search algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3983401656150818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3583136200904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.28400957584381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1787557303905487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d13-1022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d13-1022","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D13-1022.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.387.2244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.387.2244","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://people.csail.mit.edu/srush/optbeam.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.592.9714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.592.9714","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://aclweb.org/anthology/D/D13/D13-1022.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/d13-1022","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d13-1022","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/D13-1022.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7978654961","display_name":"RI: Small: Statistical Machine Translation Through a Tree Adjoining Grammar with Flexible Parsing Operations","funder_award_id":"1161814","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2250206255.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498238796","https://openalex.org/W1555286493","https://openalex.org/W1568288633","https://openalex.org/W1828578481","https://openalex.org/W1906264543","https://openalex.org/W1965660534","https://openalex.org/W1988327103","https://openalex.org/W1994919150","https://openalex.org/W2036652785","https://openalex.org/W2037894654","https://openalex.org/W2102695322","https://openalex.org/W2103593018","https://openalex.org/W2114550122","https://openalex.org/W2124807415","https://openalex.org/W2132678463","https://openalex.org/W2133768083","https://openalex.org/W2139403546","https://openalex.org/W2139761450","https://openalex.org/W2141311720","https://openalex.org/W2149192313","https://openalex.org/W2153653739","https://openalex.org/W2155607551","https://openalex.org/W2161227214","https://openalex.org/W2164948578","https://openalex.org/W2167091356","https://openalex.org/W2437005631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992996763","https://openalex.org/W4386269615","https://openalex.org/W4390091683","https://openalex.org/W1994919150","https://openalex.org/W58921990","https://openalex.org/W2204575588","https://openalex.org/W2372921198","https://openalex.org/W2610278629","https://openalex.org/W1583052623","https://openalex.org/W2250206255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Beam":[0],"search":[1,18,32],"is":[2,53,76],"a":[3,22],"fast":[4],"and":[5,41,46,59,89],"empirically":[6],"effective":[7],"method":[8,52],"for":[9,86,93],"translation":[10,48,68,88],"decoding,":[11],"but":[12],"it":[13,43],"lacks":[14],"formal":[15],"guarantees":[16],"about":[17],"error.":[19],"We":[20],"develop":[21],"new":[23,51],"decoding":[24],"algorithm":[25,75],"that":[26],"combines":[27],"the":[28,34,65],"speed":[29],"of":[30,38,67],"beam":[31],"with":[33],"optimal":[35],"certificate":[36],"property":[37],"Lagrangian":[39],"relaxation,":[40],"apply":[42],"to":[44],"phrase-":[45],"syntax-based":[47,94],"decoding.":[49],"The":[50,74],"efficient,":[54],"utilizes":[55],"standard":[56],"MT":[57],"algorithms,":[58],"returns":[60],"an":[61,81],"exact":[62],"solution":[63],"on":[64],"majority":[66],"examples":[69],"in":[70],"our":[71],"test":[72],"data.":[73],"3.5":[77],"times":[78,91],"faster":[79,92],"than":[80],"optimized":[82],"incremental":[83],"constraint-based":[84],"decoder":[85],"phrase-based":[87],"4":[90],"translation.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}