{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166852552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.926","title":"LexGenius: An Expert-Level Benchmark for Large Language Models in Legal General Intelligence","display_name":"LexGenius: An Expert-Level Benchmark for Large Language Models in Legal General Intelligence","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166852552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.926"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.926","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-acl.926.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-acl.926.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139849018","display_name":"Wenjin Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139807805","display_name":"Haoran Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139830107","display_name":"Xin Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139777092","display_name":"Xiang Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139732320","display_name":"Lijuan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139827694","display_name":"Rui Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139851986","display_name":"Jiapu Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiapu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139756919","display_name":"Shirui Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirui Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139826894","display_name":"Erik Cambria","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Cambria","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93570746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"18565","last_page":"18585"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.6000000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.6000000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.04410000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.038600001484155655,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.2689000070095062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6638000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5476999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.2802000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.926","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-acl.926.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.926","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.926","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-acl.926.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5523086190223694,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4111775640","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFC3304903","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166852552.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7166852552.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Legal":[0],"general":[1],"intelligence":[2,7,35,125,145],"(GI)":[3],"refers":[4],"to":[5,30,83,95],"artificial":[6],"(AI)":[8],"that":[9],"encompasses":[10],"legal":[11,20,34,45,55,59,78,124,137,144,151,167],"understanding,":[12],"reasoning,":[13],"and":[14,28,72,80,92,102,115,149],"decision-making,":[15],"simulating":[16],"the":[17,33,42,76,131,143],"expertise":[18],"of":[19,36,44,90,107,147,166],"experts":[21],"across":[22,123],"domains.However,":[23],"existing":[24],"benchmarks":[25],"are":[26],"result-oriented":[27],"fail":[29],"systematically":[31],"evaluate":[32,109],"large":[37],"language":[38],"models":[39],"(LLMs),":[40],"hindering":[41],"development":[43],"GI.To":[46],"address":[47],"this,":[48],"we":[49],"propose":[50],"LexGenius,":[51],"an":[52,117],"expert-level":[53],"Chinese":[54],"benchmark":[56],"for":[57,127],"evaluating":[58],"GI":[60,152],"in":[61],"LLMs.It":[62],"follows":[63],"a":[64,88],"Dimension-Task-Ability":[65],"framework,":[66],"covering":[67],"seven":[68],"dimensions,":[69],"eleven":[70],"tasks,":[71],"twenty":[73],"abilities.We":[74],"use":[75],"recent":[77],"cases":[79],"exam":[81],"questions":[82,86],"create":[84],"multiple-choice":[85],"with":[87,129],"combination":[89],"manual":[91],"LLM":[93],"reviews":[94],"reduce":[96],"data":[97],"leakage":[98],"risks,":[99],"ensuring":[100],"accuracy":[101],"reliability":[103],"through":[104],"multiple":[105],"rounds":[106],"checks.We":[108],"12":[110],"state-of-the-art":[111],"LLMs":[112,133,148],"using":[113],"LexGenius":[114,140],"conduct":[116],"in-depth":[118],"analysis.We":[119],"find":[120],"significant":[121],"disparities":[122],"abilities":[126,146],"LLMs,":[128],"even":[130],"best":[132],"lagging":[134],"behind":[135],"human":[136],"professionals.We":[138],"believe":[139],"can":[141],"assess":[142],"enhance":[150],"development.Our":[153],"project":[154],"is":[155],"available":[156],"at":[157],"https:":[158],"//github.com/QwenQKing/LexGenius.":[159],"T1\uff1aLegal":[160],"provisions":[161,168],"understandingA.":[162],"1:":[163],"Precise":[164],"understanding":[165],"A.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-07-02T00:00:00"}