{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416054498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1455","title":"Creating ConLangs to Probe the Metalinguistic Grammatical Knowledge of LLMs","display_name":"Creating ConLangs to Probe the Metalinguistic Grammatical Knowledge of LLMs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416054498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1455","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-acl.1455.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-acl.1455.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002100389","display_name":"Chihiro Taguchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chihiro Taguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame Notre Dame , IN , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame Notre Dame , IN , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063612469","display_name":"Richard Sproat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-5196"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Sproat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sakana AI Tokyo , Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sakana AI Tokyo , Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01112891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"29096","last_page":"29148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.42410001158714294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13194","display_name":"ICT in Developing Communities","score":0.42410001158714294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.20999999344348907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.04540000110864639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morpheme","display_name":"Morpheme","score":0.5996000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.590399980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthography","display_name":"Orthography","score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicon","display_name":"Lexicon","score":0.5539000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonology","display_name":"Phonology","score":0.5289000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-voice","display_name":"Passive voice","score":0.34450000524520874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.6532999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6517000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165297611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43249","display_name":"Morpheme","level":2,"score":0.5996000170707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.590399980545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150670947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43091","display_name":"Orthography","level":3,"score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778121359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8096","display_name":"Lexicon","level":2,"score":0.5539000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.5289000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4781999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4447000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4377000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779824158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194697","display_name":"Passive voice","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70777604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257885","display_name":"Word order","level":2,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151670969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187303","display_name":"Phonological rule","level":3,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778202681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034663","display_name":"Workbook","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780790391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149626","display_name":"Written language","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.2847000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64249296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5250411","display_name":"Deep linguistic processing","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138954614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9192","display_name":"Mandarin Chinese","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78148190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8192","display_name":"Writing system","level":2,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1455","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-acl.1455.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.07591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07591","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.07591","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.07591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.07591","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1455","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-acl.1455.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416054498.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416054498.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,8,65,101,147],"system":[3,25],"that":[4,29,53,77,144],"uses":[5],"LLMs":[6,107,156],"as":[7,100],"tool":[9],"in":[10,28,52,84,151],"the":[11,34,59,89,133,139],"development":[12],"of":[13,33,47,91],"Constructed":[14],"Languages-ConLangs,":[15],"which":[16],"we":[17,72,135],"call":[18],"IASC":[19],"(Interactive":[20],"Agentic":[21],"System":[22],"for":[23,57,167],"ConLangs).The":[24],"is":[26,50,94,146],"modular":[27],"it":[30,163],"creates":[31],"each":[32],"components-phonology,":[35],"morphology":[36],"and":[37,41,81,127,130,142,157],"syntax,":[38],"lexicon,":[39],"orthography,":[40],"grammatical":[42],"handbook,":[43],"using":[44,96],"module-specific":[45],"sets":[46],"prompts.The":[48],"approach":[49],"agentic":[51],"various":[54],"modules":[55],"allow":[56],"refining":[58],"output":[60],"given":[61],"automatically-generated":[62],"commentary":[63],"on":[64,95,138],"previous":[66],"step.Our":[67],"main":[68],"goals":[69],"are":[70],"twofold.First,":[71],"aim":[73],"to":[74,104,169],"provide":[75],"tools":[76],"facilitate":[78],"an":[79],"engaging":[80],"enjoyable":[82],"experience":[83],"creating":[85],"artificially":[86],"constructed":[87],"languages.Second,":[88],"focus":[90,137],"this":[92],"paper":[93],"our":[97],"ConLang":[98],"framework":[99],"novel":[102],"way":[103],"explore":[105],"what":[106,111],"'know'":[108],"about":[109,114,126],"language-not":[110],"they":[112,124],"know":[113,125],"any":[115],"particular":[116],"language":[117,129],"or":[118],"encyclopedic":[119],"facts,":[120],"but":[121],"how":[122],"much":[123],"understand":[128],"linguistic":[131,160],"concepts.In":[132],"experiments,":[134],"particularly":[136],"morphosyntax":[140],"module":[141],"show":[143],"there":[145],"fairly":[148],"wide":[149],"gulf":[150],"capabilities":[152],"both":[153],"among":[154,158],"different":[155,159],"specifications,":[161],"with":[162,171],"being":[164],"notably":[165],"easier":[166],"systems":[168],"deal":[170],"more":[172],"typologically":[173],"common":[174],"patterns":[175],"than":[176],"rarer":[177],"ones.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-23T07:36:19.812096","created_date":"2025-10-11T00:00:00"}
