{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166882389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1347","title":"RShield: A User-level Traceable Backdoor Watermark for LLMs in Embedding-as-a-Service","display_name":"RShield: A User-level Traceable Backdoor Watermark for LLMs in Embedding-as-a-Service","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166882389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1347"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1347","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1347","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139766716","display_name":"Lingyun Xiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyun Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139758030","display_name":"Yufan Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufan Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004533734","display_name":"Chengfu Ou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2590-1168"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengfu Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005319671","display_name":"Zhihua Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-647X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102922441","display_name":"Chunfang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6487-379X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunfang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039880027","display_name":"Daojian Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3552-0685"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daojian Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139773288","display_name":"Zhangjie Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangjie Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8690609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"27014","last_page":"27028"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.16009999811649323,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10651","display_name":"IPv6, Mobility, Handover, Networks, Security","score":0.16009999811649323,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13999","display_name":"Digital Rights Management and Security","score":0.15770000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.08950000256299973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.8313999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.4343000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culpability","display_name":"Culpability","score":0.2451000064611435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.8313999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5231000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4668000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.4343000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779990267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365664","display_name":"Culpability","level":2,"score":0.2451000064611435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2337000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.22859999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.22220000624656677}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1347","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1347","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-07-02T00:00:00"}
