{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415269766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1150","title":"GOAT: A Training Framework for Goal-Oriented Agent with Tools","display_name":"GOAT: A Training Framework for Goal-Oriented Agent with Tools","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415269766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1150"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1150","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-acl.1150.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-acl.1150.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hyunji Min","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunji Min","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062273838","display_name":"San Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2919-9736"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangwon Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Junyoung Sung","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyoung Sung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029242741","display_name":"D.S. Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dosung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110372494","display_name":"Han L","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leekyeung Han","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051808590","display_name":"Paul Hongsuck Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6747-1101"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Hongsuck Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00772698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"22934","last_page":"22963"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10703","display_name":"Business Process Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10456","display_name":"Multi-Agent Systems and Negotiation","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.965499997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.614300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.4498000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-planning-and-scheduling","display_name":"Automated planning and scheduling","score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.37630000710487366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7832000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.614300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4498000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114073186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631895","display_name":"Automated planning and scheduling","level":2,"score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779038628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248497","display_name":"Programming by demonstration","level":3,"score":0.2809999883174896}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1150","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-acl.1150.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2510.12218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12218","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.12218","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2510.12218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.12218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2026.findings-acl.1150","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2026.findings-acl.1150.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2026","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7102533171","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00398115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7492658114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00345025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323890","funder_display_name":"Korea Creative Content Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8262039678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2026-RS-2020-II201819","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321373","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323890","display_name":"Korea Creative Content Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/036vyg793"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415269766.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415269766.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2,55,65],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4],"evolved":[5],"from":[6,96],"pure":[7],"text":[8],"generators":[9],"into":[10,30],"interactive":[11],"agents":[12,19,86,121,143,164],"capable":[13,165],"of":[14,32,50,166],"invoking":[15],"external":[16],"tools.However,":[17],"LLM":[18,85,163],"still":[20],"struggle":[21],"with":[22,36,145],"goal-oriented":[23,92,128,136],"queries,":[24],"which":[25],"require":[26],"decomposing":[27],"high-level":[28],"objectives":[29],"sequences":[31],"interdependent":[33],"API":[34,93,97,112,137],"calls":[35],"accurate":[37],"planning":[38],"and":[39,140,169,173],"execution.Current":[40],"approaches":[41],"rely":[42],"on":[43,110],"zero-shot":[44],"evaluation":[45],"due":[46],"to":[47],"the":[48],"absence":[49],"training":[51,79,107],"data;":[52],"while":[53],"proprietary":[54],"such":[56],"as":[57,155],"GPT-4":[58],"exhibit":[59],"strong":[60],"reasoning":[61,168],"capabilities,":[62],"smaller":[63],"opensource":[64],"remain":[66],"ineffective":[67],"at":[68],"complex":[69,167],"tool":[70,170],"use.To":[71],"address":[72],"this":[73,150],"limitation,":[74],"we":[75,117,131],"propose":[76],"a":[77,100,134,156],"novel":[78,101],"framework":[80],"GOAT,":[81],"that":[82,105,119,142],"enables":[83],"fine-tuning":[84],"without":[87],"human":[88],"annotation.GOAT":[89],"automatically":[90],"synthesizes":[91],"execution":[94,138],"data":[95,108],"documents":[98],"using":[99],"call-first":[102],"generation":[103],"paradigm,":[104],"constructs":[106],"based":[109],"executed":[111],"call":[113],"sequences.Through":[114],"extensive":[115],"experiments,":[116],"show":[118],"GOATtrained":[120],"achieve":[122],"state-of-the-art":[123],"performance":[124],"across":[125],"multiple":[126],"existing":[127],"benchmarks.In":[129],"addition,":[130],"introduce":[132],"GOAT-Bench,":[133],"new":[135],"benchmark,":[139],"demonstrate":[141],"trained":[144],"GOAT":[146,154],"also":[147],"excel":[148],"in":[149],"setting.These":[151],"results":[152],"highlight":[153],"practical":[157],"path":[158],"toward":[159],"building":[160],"robust":[161],"open-source":[162],"use.Our":[171],"dataset":[172],"code":[174],"are":[175],"available":[176],"at:":[177],"https:":[178],"//github.com/KU-MIIL/GOAT.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-17T00:00:00"}
