{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416034228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.880","title":"Simple Factuality Probes Detect Hallucinations in Long-Form Natural Language Generation","display_name":"Simple Factuality Probes Detect Hallucinations in Long-Form Natural Language Generation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416034228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.880"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.880","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.880","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.880.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.880.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102712588","display_name":"Jiatong Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-0372"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiatong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030721728","display_name":"Neil Band","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Band","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021091772","display_name":"Muhammed Razzak","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammed Razzak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060914941","display_name":"Jannik Kossen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jannik Kossen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031809940","display_name":"Tim G. J. Rudner","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim G. J. Rudner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029186201","display_name":"Yarin Gal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-2078"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yarin Gal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40951867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"16209","last_page":"16226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12553","display_name":"Psychedelics and Drug Studies","score":0.18770000338554382,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12553","display_name":"Psychedelics and Drug Studies","score":0.18770000338554382,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.11869999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.05909999832510948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-generation","display_name":"Natural language generation","score":0.2689000070095062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6258000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5999000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4927000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.880","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.880","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.880.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.880","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.880","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.880.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310223","display_name":"Georgetown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vzafd60"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416034228.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416034228.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1,79],"models":[2,106],"(LLMs)":[3],"often":[4],"mislead":[5],"users":[6],"with":[7,47,119],"confident":[8],"hallucinations.Current":[9],"approaches":[10,53],"to":[11,33,50,108,121,128],"detect":[12],"hallucination":[13,101],"require":[14],"many":[15],"samples":[16],"from":[17,60],"the":[18,61,142],"LLM":[19,45,62,68,151],"generator,":[20],"which":[21],"is":[22,66],"computationally":[23],"infeasible":[24],"as":[25],"frontier":[26],"model":[27,130],"sizes":[28],"and":[29,81,111],"generation":[30,80],"lengths":[31],"continue":[32],"grow.We":[34],"present":[35],"a":[36,57,93,97],"remarkably":[37],"simple":[38],"baseline":[39],"for":[40],"detecting":[41,149],"hallucinations":[42],"in":[43,76,148],"long-form":[44,77,100,150],"generations,":[46],"performance":[48,118],"comparable":[49],"expensive":[51],"multi-sample":[52],"while":[54],"drawing":[55],"only":[56],"single":[58],"sample":[59],"generator.Our":[63],"key":[64],"finding":[65],"that":[67,82,113],"hidden":[69,134,145],"states":[70,135],"are":[71],"highly":[72],"predictive":[73],"of":[74,99,136,144],"factuality":[75],"natural":[78],"this":[83],"information":[84],"can":[85],"be":[86],"efficiently":[87],"extracted":[88],"at":[89],"inference":[90],"time":[91],"using":[92,133],"lightweight":[94],"probe.We":[95],"benchmark":[96],"variety":[98],"detection":[102],"methods":[103],"across":[104],"open-weight":[105],"up":[107,120],"405B":[109],"parameters":[110],"demonstrate":[112,141],"our":[114,125],"approach":[115],"achieves":[116],"competitive":[117],"100x":[122],"fewer":[123],"FLOPs.Furthermore,":[124],"probes":[126,147],"generalize":[127],"out-of-distribution":[129],"outputs,":[131],"evaluated":[132],"smaller":[137],"open-source":[138],"models.Our":[139],"results":[140],"promise":[143],"state":[146],"hallucinations.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-08T00:00:00"}