{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416034838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.744","title":"Modeling Subjectivity in Cognitive Appraisal with Language Models","display_name":"Modeling Subjectivity in Cognitive Appraisal with Language Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416034838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.744","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.744.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.744.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102005802","display_name":"Yuxiang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2969-7206"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024495507","display_name":"Huilin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1794-3270"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hainiu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009199818","display_name":"Desmond C. Ong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6781-8072"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Desmond Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007426895","display_name":"Maria Liakata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5765-0416"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Liakata","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038063824","display_name":"Petr Slov\u00e1k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8458-7715"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petr Slovak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015709853","display_name":"Yulan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3948-5845"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulan He","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4149,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90795035,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13811","last_page":"13833"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.07900000363588333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.07900000363588333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12313","display_name":"Emotions and Moral Behavior","score":0.07020000368356705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.06129999831318855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjectivity","display_name":"Subjectivity","score":0.5174999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5131000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-model","display_name":"Cognitive model","score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-appraisal","display_name":"Cognitive appraisal","score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appraisal-theory","display_name":"Appraisal theory","score":0.35910001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.31049999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5799000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202889954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139554","display_name":"Subjectivity","level":2,"score":0.5174999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5131000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.48510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161407221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4382939","display_name":"Cognitive model","level":3,"score":0.3903000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141187","display_name":"Cognitive appraisal","level":3,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4308109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781686","display_name":"Appraisal theory","level":2,"score":0.35910001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11671645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5054567","display_name":"Causal model","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.25589999556541443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.744","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.744.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:openaire/7256b350-83e0-45e0-ac2c-fe98020ed285","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/7256b350-83e0-45e0-ac2c-fe98020ed285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400216","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhou, Y, Xu, H, Ong, D, Liakata, M, Slovak, P & He, Y 2025, Modeling Subjectivity in Cognitive Appraisal with Language Models. in Modeling Subjectivity in Cognitive Appraisal with Language Models. Findings.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.744","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.744","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.744.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2577708131","display_name":"Turing AI Fellowship: Event-Centric Framework for Natural Language Understanding","funder_award_id":"EP/V020579/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3321750416","display_name":"AI UK: Creating an International Ecosystem for Responsible AI Research and Innovation","funder_award_id":"EP/Y009800/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3881378079","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/Y009800/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5094586522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/T041897/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6144807829","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/V020579/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6382798043","display_name":"Turing AI Fellowship: Event-Centric Framework for Natural Language Understanding","funder_award_id":"EP/V020579/2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416034838.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416034838.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,58,133],"utilization":[2],"of":[3,12,65,135],"language":[4,71,92],"models":[5,22,72,88,93],"in":[6,47,76],"interdisciplinary,":[7],"human-centered":[8],"studies":[9],"grow,":[10],"expectations":[11],"their":[13],"capabilities":[14],"continue":[15],"to":[16,26,118,128],"evolve.Beyond":[17],"excelling":[18],"at":[19,57,132],"conventional":[20],"tasks,":[21],"are":[23,106],"now":[24],"expected":[25],"perform":[27],"well":[28],"on":[29],"user-centric":[30],"measurements":[31],"involving":[32],"confidence":[33],"and":[34,50,83,89,96,103,137],"human":[35],"(dis)agreement-factors":[36],"that":[37,100],"reflect":[38],"subjective":[39],"preferences.While":[40],"modeling":[41],"subjectivity":[42,75],"plays":[43],"an":[44],"essential":[45],"role":[46],"cognitive":[48,77,138],"science":[49,139],"has":[51],"been":[52],"extensively":[53],"studied,":[54],"its":[55],"investigation":[56],"intersection":[59,134],"with":[60,85],"NLP":[61,136],"remains":[62],"under-explored.In":[63],"light":[64],"this":[66],"gap,":[67],"we":[68],"explore":[69],"how":[70],"can":[73],"quantify":[74],"appraisal":[78],"by":[79],"conducting":[80],"comprehensive":[81],"experiments":[82],"analyses":[84],"both":[86],"fine-tuned":[87],"prompt-based":[90],"large":[91],"(LLMs).Our":[94],"quantitative":[95],"qualitative":[97],"results":[98],"demonstrate":[99],"personality":[101],"traits":[102],"demographic":[104],"information":[105],"critical":[107],"for":[108],"measuring":[109],"subjectivity,":[110],"yet":[111],"existing":[112],"post-hoc":[113],"calibration":[114],"methods":[115],"often":[116],"fail":[117],"achieve":[119],"satisfactory":[120],"performance.Furthermore,":[121],"our":[122],"in-depth":[123],"analysis":[124],"provides":[125],"valuable":[126],"insights":[127],"guide":[129],"future":[130],"research":[131],"1":[140],".":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-11-08T00:00:00"}
