{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416035251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.250","title":"Prejudge-Before-Think: Enhancing Large Language Models at Test-Time by Process Prejudge Reasoning","display_name":"Prejudge-Before-Think: Enhancing Large Language Models at Test-Time by Process Prejudge Reasoning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416035251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.250"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.250","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.250.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.250.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100338010","display_name":"Jianing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9294-2809"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101879416","display_name":"Jin Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6033-609X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355692","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717443","display_name":"Mengdi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3239-4804"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengdi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068562468","display_name":"Xunliang Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0685-9556"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xunliang Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4656","last_page":"4673"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.45910000801086426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.45910000801086426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.06159999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.05460000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5756000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-reasoning","display_name":"Automated reasoning","score":0.39149999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modeling-language","display_name":"Modeling language","score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.2752000093460083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6564000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5756000280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195344581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2555318","display_name":"Automated reasoning","level":2,"score":0.39149999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179603123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941921","display_name":"Modeling language","level":3,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159032336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488768","display_name":"Non-monotonic logic","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37335422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888134","display_name":"Model-based reasoning","level":3,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20162079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151406","display_name":"Case-based reasoning","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.250","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.250.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.250","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.250.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416035251.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416035251.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,60,96,123],"introduce":[4],"a":[5,62,70,103,125,198,201,207,215],"new":[6],"process":[7,18],"prejudge":[8,19,63,81,93,118,159,216,281],"strategy":[9],"in":[10,65,181,229],"LLM":[11,22,111,230,255],"reasoning":[12,33,71,94,100,141,149,166,234],"to":[13,23,36,40,49,112,137,158,204,218,222,225],"demonstrate":[14,150],"that":[15,78,83,151,241,267,272],"bootstrapping":[16],"with":[17,73,102,129],"allows":[20],"the":[21,26,31,66,80,88,92,140,156,165,188,205,259,300],"adaptively":[24],"anticipate":[25],"errors":[27],"encountered":[28],"when":[29,305],"advancing":[30],"subsequent":[32],"steps,":[34],"similar":[35],"people":[37],"sometimes":[38],"pausing":[39],"think":[41],"about":[42],"what":[43],"mistakes":[44],"may":[45],"occur":[46],"and":[47,58,120,133,162,173,265,296],"how":[48],"avoid":[50,226],"them,":[51],"rather":[52],"than":[53],"relying":[54],"solely":[55],"on":[56],"trial":[57],"error.Specifically,":[59],"define":[61],"node":[64,82],"rationale,":[67,276],"which":[68,210],"represents":[69,299],"step,":[72],"at":[74,177],"least":[75],"one":[76,110,238],"step":[77,235,240,257],"follows":[79],"has":[84,242,273],"no":[85,243,274],"paths":[86],"toward":[87],"correct":[89,244,275],"answer.To":[90],"synthesize":[91],"process,":[95],"present":[97],"an":[98],"automated":[99],"framework":[101,107],"dynamic":[104],"tree-searching":[105],"strategy.This":[106],"requires":[108],"only":[109],"perform":[113],"answer":[114],"judging,":[115],"response":[116],"critiquing,":[117],"generation,":[119],"thought":[121],"completion.Furthermore,":[122],"develop":[124],"two-phase":[126],"training":[127],"mechanism":[128],"supervised":[130],"fine-tuning":[131],"(SFT)":[132],"reinforcement":[134],"learning":[135],"(RL)":[136],"further":[138],"enhance":[139,164],"capabilities":[142],"of":[143,168,187,302],"LLMs.Experimental":[144],"results":[145],"from":[146],"competition-level":[147],"complex":[148],"our":[152],"method":[153],"can":[154,211],"teach":[155],"model":[157],"before":[160],"thinking":[161],"significantly":[163],"ability":[167],"LLMs":[169],"1":[170,285],".1":[171],"Code":[172],"data":[174],"is":[175],"released":[176],"https://github.com/":[178],"wjn1996/Prejudge-Before-Think.":[179],"Prejudge":[180,190,228,246],"Real":[182],"WorldKey":[183],"Step:":[184,232],"The":[185,233,248],"entrance":[186],"curve":[189,202],"Hint:":[191,247],"Warning":[192],"Road":[193],"Ahead":[194],"Note:":[195,253],"When":[196,254],"driving":[197],"car":[199],"reaching":[200],"near":[203],"cliff,":[206],"warning":[208],"sign":[209],"be":[212,251,263],"viewed":[213],"as":[214],"hint":[217,282],"explicitly":[219],"elicit":[220],"drivers":[221],"slow":[223],"down":[224],"failing":[227],"ReasoningKey":[231],"where":[236],"exists":[237,269],"next":[239],"rationales":[245],"denominator":[249],"cannot":[250],"0":[252],"finishes":[256],"1,":[258],"searching":[260],"procedure":[261],"will":[262],"performed":[264],"find":[266],"there":[268],"Step":[270,284],"2":[271],"so":[277],"it":[278],"should":[279],"provide":[280],"after":[283],"Q:":[286],"If":[287],"$f(a,":[288,306],"k)":[289],"=":[290],"\\frac{(a":[291],"-k)^2":[292],"-9}{a":[293],"+":[294],"1}$":[295],"$F(f(a,":[297,309],"k))$":[298],"sum":[301],"real":[303],"$a$":[304],"k)=0$.Please":[307],"calculate":[308],"2))$....":[310]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-11-08T00:00:00"}
