{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416034410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.1360","title":"Embedding-Free RAG","display_name":"Embedding-Free RAG","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416034410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.1360"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.1360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.1360","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.1360.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.1360.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120308590","display_name":"Jessica Maghakian","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Maghakian","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120308591","display_name":"Raunak Sinha","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raunak Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120308592","display_name":"Max Schettewi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max Schettewi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120308593","display_name":"Gunkirat Kaur","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gunkirat Kaur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"24974","last_page":"24985"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11725","display_name":"Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders","score":0.013100000098347664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11725","display_name":"Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders","score":0.013100000098347664,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":0.010599999688565731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/publication","display_name":"Publication","score":0.635200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5593000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chunking","display_name":"Chunking (psychology)","score":0.5570999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crawling","display_name":"Crawling","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.42010000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.373199999332428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.761900007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41458344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732577","display_name":"Publication","level":2,"score":0.635200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5593000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203357204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089605","display_name":"Chunking (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5570999979972839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.48350000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100368936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411725","display_name":"Crawling","level":2,"score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.42010000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.373199999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776543384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593289","display_name":"Information access","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983583741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16785388","display_name":"Third party","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.1360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.1360","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.1360.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.1360","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-emnlp.1360","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-emnlp.1360.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416034410.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416034410.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Retrieval-Augmented":[0],"Generation":[1],"(RAG)":[2],"is":[3,173,203],"the":[4,10,72,96,108,152,242,246],"current":[5],"state-of-the-art":[6,118],"method":[7],"for":[8,36,51,79,90,186,216],"mitigating":[9],"shortcomings":[11],"of":[12,74,100,139,195,225],"large":[13],"language":[14],"models":[15,50,89],"(LLMs)":[16],"by":[17,175,205],"incorporating":[18],"external":[19],"knowledge":[20],"sources":[21],"to":[22,29,122,129,149],"provide":[23],"more":[24],"relevant":[25],"and":[26,59,127,193,223],"accurate":[27],"responses":[28],"user":[30,196,226],"queries.However":[31],"building":[32],"performant":[33],"RAG":[34,77,94,115],"systems":[35],"real":[37],"use-cases":[38],"typically":[39],"requires":[40],"heavy":[41],"investment":[42],"from":[43],"NLP":[44],"experts,":[45],"such":[46],"as":[47],"fine-tuning":[48],"embedding":[49,88],"specialized":[52],"domains,":[53],"experimenting":[54],"with":[55],"text":[56],"chunking":[57],"strategies":[58],"other":[60],"niche":[61],"hyperparameter":[62],"tunings.We":[63],"propose":[64],"Embedding-Free":[65,93,114],"RAG,":[66,84],"a":[67,75,103,136],"model-agnostic":[68],"approach":[69],"that":[70,113,146,172,202],"enables":[71],"deployment":[73],"one-size-fits-all":[76],"pipeline":[78],"user-provided":[80],"grounding":[81],"documents.Unlike":[82],"traditional":[83],"which":[85],"relies":[86],"on":[87,151],"information":[91,167,171,201,233,244],"retrieval,":[92],"leverages":[95],"generalized":[97],"reasoning":[98],"abilities":[99],"LLMs":[101],"in":[102],"novel":[104],"algorithmic":[105],"framework":[106],"during":[107],"retrieval":[109],"stage.Extensive":[110],"experiments":[111],"demonstrate":[112],"outperforms":[116],"existing":[117],"methods,":[119],"achieving":[120],"up":[121,128],"4.6x":[123],"higher":[124],"F1":[125],"scores":[126],"2x":[130],"better":[131],"question":[132],"answering":[133],"accuracy":[134],"across":[135],"wide":[137],"range":[138],"challenging":[140],"domains.*":[141],"These":[142],"authors":[143],"contributed":[144],"equally.[\"Information":[145],"you":[147,168,235],"choose":[148],"publish":[150,169],"Site":[153,187,217],"(photos,":[154],"videos,":[155],"text,":[156],"music,":[157],"reviews,":[158],"deliveries)":[159],"-is":[160],"no":[161],"longer":[162],"private,":[163],"just":[164],"like":[165],"any":[166],"online.Technical":[170],"gathered":[174,204],"our":[176,206],"systems,":[177,181,207,211],"or":[178,208,239],"third":[179,209],"party":[180,210],"automatically":[182,212],"may":[183,198,213],"be":[184,214],"used":[185,215],"operation,":[188,218],"optimization,":[189,219],"analytics,":[190,220],"content":[191,221],"promotion":[192,222],"enhancement":[194,224],"experience.We":[197],"\",":[199],"][\"Technical":[200],"experience\",":[227],",":[228],"\"In":[229],"addition,":[230],"we":[231],"collect":[232],"while":[234],"access,":[236],"browse,":[237],"view":[238],"otherwise":[240],"use":[241],"Site\"]What":[243],"does":[245],"company":[247],"store":[248],"about":[249],"me?":[250]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-11-08T00:00:00"}