{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412888104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.858","title":"On Entity Identification in Language Models","display_name":"On Entity Identification in Language Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412888104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.858","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-acl.858.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-acl.858.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002374395","display_name":"Masaki SAKATA","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaki Sakata","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073408576","display_name":"Benjamin Heinzerling","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Heinzerling","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025689297","display_name":"Sho Yokoi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sho Yokoi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102989502","display_name":"Takumi Ito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7380-2587"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takumi Ito","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101815181","display_name":"Kentaro Inui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6510-604X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kentaro Inui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20507905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"16717","last_page":"16741"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7469924688339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7090387940406799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5611783862113953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4048270285129547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7469924688339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7090387940406799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5611783862113953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4048270285129547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.858","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-acl.858.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.858","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.findings-acl.858","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.findings-acl.858.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2025","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6718509927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CREST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338246","display_name":"ACT-X","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412888104.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412888104.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"analyze":[1],"the":[2,21,56,62,120,133,145],"extent":[3,57],"to":[4,43,58,91,98],"which":[5,59],"internal":[6,54],"representations":[7,55,124,139],"of":[8,16,33,52,61,69,122,135],"language":[9],"models":[10],"(LMs)":[11],"identify":[12,84],"and":[13,26,37,67,85,93,140,155],"distinguish":[14,86],"mentions":[15,35,60,68],"named":[17],"entities,":[18],"focusing":[19],"on":[20],"many-to-many":[22],"correspondence":[23],"between":[24,137],"entities":[25,71,87],"their":[27],"mentions.We":[28],"first":[29],"formulate":[30],"two":[31],"problems":[32],"entity":[34,64,123,157],"-ambiguity":[36],"variabilityand":[38],"propose":[39],"a":[40,109],"framework":[41],"analogous":[42,90],"clustering":[44],"quality":[45],"metrics.Specifically,":[46],"we":[47,117],"quantify":[48],"through":[49,132],"cluster":[50,65],"analysis":[51,100],"LM":[53,115,138],"same":[63],"together":[66],"different":[70],"remain":[72],"separated.Our":[73],"experiments":[74],"examine":[75],"five":[76],"Transformer-based":[77],"autoregressive":[78],"models,":[79],"showing":[80],"that":[81,102],"they":[82],"effectively":[83],"with":[88],"metrics":[89],"precision":[92],"recall":[94],"ranging":[95],"from":[96],"0.66":[97],"0.9.Further":[99],"reveals":[101],"entity-related":[103],"information":[104],"is":[105],"compactly":[106],"represented":[107],"in":[108,144],"low-dimensional":[110],"linear":[111],"subspace":[112],"at":[113],"early":[114],"layers.Additionally,":[116],"clarify":[118],"how":[119,151],"characteristics":[121],"influence":[125],"word":[126],"prediction":[127],"performance.These":[128],"findings":[129],"are":[130],"interpreted":[131],"lens":[134],"isomorphism":[136],"entity-centric":[141],"knowledge":[142],"structures":[143],"real":[146],"world,":[147],"providing":[148],"insights":[149],"into":[150],"LMs":[152],"internally":[153],"organize":[154],"use":[156],"information.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
