{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416036253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.820","title":"Comparing human and LLM politeness strategies in free production","display_name":"Comparing human and LLM politeness strategies in free production","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416036253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.820"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.820","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.emnlp-main.820.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.emnlp-main.820.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104507993","display_name":"Haoran Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4563-9302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344076864","display_name":"Center for Applied Linguistics","ror":"https://ror.org/020pekv35","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344076864"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Linguistics University of Washington Department of Linguistics Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics University of Washington Department of Linguistics Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344076864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041689299","display_name":"Robert D. Hawkins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9089-8544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344076864","display_name":"Center for Applied Linguistics","ror":"https://ror.org/020pekv35","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344076864"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert D. Hawkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Linguistics University of Washington Department of Linguistics Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Linguistics University of Washington Department of Linguistics Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344076864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104507993"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344076864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.9166,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98719308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"16199","last_page":"16227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10366","display_name":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","score":0.20499999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10366","display_name":"Discourse Analysis in Language Studies","score":0.20499999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10383","display_name":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","score":0.12720000743865967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.031599998474121094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politeness","display_name":"Politeness","score":0.5633000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.2685999870300293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61123122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q281287","display_name":"Politeness","level":2,"score":0.5633000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780532074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200314","display_name":"Derogation","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.820","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.emnlp-main.820.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.820","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.820","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.emnlp-main.820.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416036253.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4416036253.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polite":[0],"speech":[1],"poses":[2],"a":[3,13,47],"fundamental":[4],"alignment":[5],"challenge":[6],"for":[7,129],"large":[8],"language":[9],"models":[10,70,96],"(LLMs).Humans":[11],"deploy":[12],"rich":[14],"repertoire":[15,50],"of":[16,33,120],"linguistic":[17,92],"strategies":[18,37,102],"to":[19,35,57,103,112],"balance":[20],"informational":[21],"and":[22,54,63,82],"social":[23],"goals":[24],"-from":[25],"positive":[26,108],"approaches":[27],"that":[28,38,68,95],"build":[29],"rapport":[30],"(compliments,":[31],"expressions":[32],"interest)":[34],"negative":[36,100],"minimize":[39],"imposition":[40],"(hedging,":[41],"indirectness).We":[42],"investigate":[43],"whether":[44],"LLMs":[45,114],"employ":[46],"similarly":[48],"context-sensitive":[49],"by":[51],"comparing":[52],"human":[53,83],"LLM":[55],"responses":[56,87],"English-language":[58],"scenarios":[59],"in":[60,88,107,136],"both":[61],"constrained":[62],"open-ended":[64,89],"production":[65],"tasks.We":[66],"find":[67],"larger":[69],"(70B":[71],"parameters)":[72],"successfully":[73],"replicate":[74],"key":[75],"effects":[76],"from":[77],"the":[78],"computational":[79],"pragmatics":[80],"literature,":[81],"evaluators":[84],"prefer":[85],"LLM-generated":[86],"contexts.However,":[90],"further":[91],"analyses":[93],"reveal":[94],"disproportionately":[97],"rely":[98],"on":[99],"politeness":[101,121],"create":[104],"distance":[105],"even":[106],"contexts,":[109],"potentially":[110],"leading":[111],"misinterpretations.While":[113],"thus":[115],"demonstrate":[116],"an":[117],"impressive":[118],"command":[119],"strategies,":[122],"these":[123],"systematic":[124],"differences":[125],"provide":[126],"important":[127],"groundwork":[128],"making":[130],"intentional":[131],"choices":[132],"about":[133],"pragmatic":[134],"behavior":[135],"human-AI":[137],"communication.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-11-08T00:00:00"}