{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412945487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.491","title":"The Lawyer That Never Thinks: Consistency and Fairness as Keys to Reliable AI","display_name":"The Lawyer That Never Thinks: Consistency and Fairness as Keys to Reliable AI","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412945487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.491"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.491","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.491.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.491.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082291404","display_name":"Dana Alsagheer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9045-6347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dana R Alsagheer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053274853","display_name":"A. S. M. Maksud Kamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3896-2032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107959544","display_name":"Mohammad Kamal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062831461","display_name":"Chengjun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5785-8065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cosmo Yang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109410921","display_name":"Weidong Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9005-3071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Houston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Houston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1534322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9943","last_page":"9954"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.930899977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9251999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6839060187339783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6110678911209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4390209913253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1984519362449646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6839060187339783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6110678911209106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4390209913253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1984519362449646}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.491","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.491.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.491","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.491","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.491.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412945487.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412945487.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"are":[4],"increasingly":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,68],"high-stakes":[8],"domains":[9],"like":[10],"law":[11],"and":[12,17,33,38,46,58,70,83],"research,":[13],"yet":[14],"their":[15],"inconsistencies":[16],"response":[18],"instability":[19],"raise":[20],"concerns":[21],"about":[22],"trustworthiness.This":[23],"study":[24],"evaluates":[25],"six":[26],"leading":[27],"LLMs-GPT-3.5,":[28],"GPT-4,":[29],"Claude,":[30],"Gemini,":[31],"Mistral,":[32],"LLaMA":[34],"2-on":[35],"rationality,":[36],"stability,":[37],"ethical":[39,84],"fairness":[40],"through":[41],"reasoning":[42],"tests,":[43],"legal":[44,69],"challenges,":[45],"bias-sensitive":[47],"scenarios.Results":[48],"reveal":[49],"significant":[50],"inconsistencies,":[51],"highlighting":[52],"trade-offs":[53],"between":[54],"model":[55],"scale,":[56],"architecture,":[57],"logical":[59],"coherence.These":[60],"findings":[61],"underscore":[62],"the":[63,74],"risks":[64],"of":[65],"deploying":[66],"LLMs":[67],"policy":[71],"settings,":[72],"emphasizing":[73],"need":[75],"for":[76],"AI":[77],"systems":[78],"that":[79],"prioritize":[80],"transparency,":[81],"fairness,":[82],"robustness.":[85]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}