{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406241273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.279","title":"ConSim: Measuring Concept-Based Explanations\u2019 Effectiveness with Automated Simulatability","display_name":"ConSim: Measuring Concept-Based Explanations\u2019 Effectiveness with Automated Simulatability","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406241273","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.279","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.279.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.279.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008810156","display_name":"Antonin Poch\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0930-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134560555","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier","ror":"https://ror.org/02v6kpv12","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134560555"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131550300","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse-I-Capitole","ror":"https://ror.org/0443n9e75","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131550300"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101176","display_name":"IRT M2P","ror":"https://ror.org/0199zgv94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119061","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01rx4qw44","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I205747304","https://openalex.org/I205747304","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I4387153255","https://openalex.org/I4405258862","https://openalex.org/I4405259414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152422","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse - Jean Jaur\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/04ezk3x31","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160189","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux","ror":"https://ror.org/054qv7y42","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonin Poch\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRT Saint Exup\u00e9ry - Institut de Recherche Technologique (B\u00e2t B612, 3 rue Tarfaya,CS 34436, 31405 Toulouse Cedex 4 (France) - France)","IRIT - Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRT Saint Exup\u00e9ry - Institut de Recherche Technologique (B\u00e2t B612, 3 rue Tarfaya,CS 34436, 31405 Toulouse Cedex 4 (France) - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRIT - Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152422","https://openalex.org/I134560555","https://openalex.org/I4210119061","https://openalex.org/I3131550300","https://openalex.org/I4210160189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045156755","display_name":"Alon Jacovi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7263-2061"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alon Jacovi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research (France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research (France)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056924085","display_name":"Agustin Martin Picard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101176","display_name":"IRT M2P","ror":"https://ror.org/0199zgv94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101176"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agustin Martin Picard","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRT Saint Exup\u00e9ry - Institut de Recherche Technologique (B\u00e2t B612, 3 rue Tarfaya,CS 34436, 31405 Toulouse Cedex 4 (France) - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRT Saint Exup\u00e9ry - Institut de Recherche Technologique (B\u00e2t B612, 3 rue Tarfaya,CS 34436, 31405 Toulouse Cedex 4 (France) - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034194162","display_name":"Victor Boutin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3372-5940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145991","display_name":"Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition","ror":"https://ror.org/04fhrs205","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210145991","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Boutin","raw_affiliation_strings":["ANITI - ANITI \u2013 Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute (B612 Centre d'innovation \u2013 3, rue Tarfaya \u2013 31400 Toulouse \u2013 France - France)","CERCO UMR5549 - Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CHU Purpan - Pavillon Baudot BP 25202 31052 Toulouse Cedex - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ANITI - ANITI \u2013 Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute (B612 Centre d'innovation \u2013 3, rue Tarfaya \u2013 31400 Toulouse \u2013 France - France)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERCO UMR5549 - Centre de recherche cerveau et cognition (CHU Purpan - Pavillon Baudot BP 25202 31052 Toulouse Cedex - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145991"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059933120","display_name":"Fanny Jourdan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4920-2406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101176","display_name":"IRT M2P","ror":"https://ror.org/0199zgv94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101176"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanny Jourdan","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRT Saint Exup\u00e9ry - Institut de Recherche Technologique (B\u00e2t B612, 3 rue Tarfaya,CS 34436, 31405 Toulouse Cedex 4 (France) - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRT Saint Exup\u00e9ry - Institut de Recherche Technologique (B\u00e2t B612, 3 rue Tarfaya,CS 34436, 31405 Toulouse Cedex 4 (France) - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.75,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8494878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5594","last_page":"5615"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7767653465270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6903110146522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5498917698860168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5320321917533875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5262643098831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.48962336778640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4817335903644562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.4539811313152313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4346790015697479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.4302118718624115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.40852147340774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39504894614219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38025563955307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33193621039390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.13467997312545776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7767653465270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6903110146522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5498917698860168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5320321917533875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5262643098831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48962336778640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4817335903644562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4539811313152313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4346790015697479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4302118718624115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.40852147340774536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39504894614219666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38025563955307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33193621039390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.13467997312545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.279","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.279.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2501.05855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.05855","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2501.05855","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04873908v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04873908","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04873908v1/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2024","raw_type":"Preprints, Working Papers, ..."}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.279","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.279.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6183201820","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-23-IACL-0002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7240651115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406241273.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406241273.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313320911","https://openalex.org/W4327743144","https://openalex.org/W4245077728","https://openalex.org/W2607424049","https://openalex.org/W4390922876","https://openalex.org/W3183204001","https://openalex.org/W4206302830","https://openalex.org/W2185941092","https://openalex.org/W4386782890","https://openalex.org/W2100349471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Concept-based":[0],"explanations":[1,12,59],"work":[2],"by":[3],"mapping":[4],"complex":[5],"model":[6],"computations":[7],"to":[8,39,66,97,124,132],"humanunderstandable":[9],"concepts.Evaluating":[10],"such":[11,134],"is":[13,110],"very":[14],"difficult,":[15],"as":[16,122],"it":[17],"includes":[18],"not":[19],"only":[20],"the":[21,24,34,47,50,68,74,81,101,111,126,184],"quality":[22],"of":[23,27,103,113,164],"induced":[25],"space":[26,83],"possible":[28],"concepts":[29,36,185],"but":[30],"also":[31],"how":[32],"effectively":[33],"chosen":[35],"are":[37,94,176,190],"communicated":[38],"users.Existing":[40],"evaluation":[41,54,108,127,143,153],"metrics":[42],"often":[43],"focus":[44],"solely":[45],"on":[46,73,168,183],"former,":[48],"neglecting":[49],"latter.We":[51],"introduce":[52],"an":[53,88],"framework":[55,156],"for":[56,79,92,139],"measuring":[57],"concept":[58,82],"via":[60],"automated":[61],"simulatability:":[62],"a":[63,104,150,177],"simulator's":[64],"ability":[65],"predict":[67],"explained":[69],"model's":[70],"outputs":[71],"based":[72,182],"provided":[75],"explanations.This":[76],"approach":[77],"accounts":[78],"both":[80],"and":[84,128,141,147,157,186],"its":[85],"interpretation":[86],"in":[87],"end-to-end":[89],"evaluation.Human":[90],"studies":[91],"simulatability":[93],"notoriously":[95],"difficult":[96],"enact,":[98],"particularly":[99],"at":[100],"scale":[102],"wide,":[105],"comprehensive":[106,151],"empirical":[107,152],"(which":[109],"subject":[112],"this":[114,155],"work).We":[115],"propose":[116],"using":[117,154],"large":[118],"language":[119],"models":[120,146],"(LLMs)":[121],"simulators":[123],"approximate":[125],"report":[129,149],"various":[130,145],"analyses":[131],"make":[133],"approximations":[135],"reliable.Our":[136],"method":[137],"allows":[138],"scalable":[140],"consistent":[142,162],"across":[144],"datasets.We":[148],"show":[158],"that":[159],"LLMs":[160],"provide":[161],"rankings":[163],"explanation":[165],"methods.Code":[166],"available":[167],"GitHub.1.":[169],"Meta-predictors":[170,200],"'s":[171,201],"Initial":[172],"Phase":[173,203],"(IP):":[174],"You":[175],"classifier.Your":[178],"predictions":[179],"should":[180],"be":[181],"examples":[187],"below.The":[188],"classes":[189],"['nurse',":[191],"'physician',":[192],"'surgeon']":[193],"Task":[194],"description":[195],"Global":[196],"explanation:":[197],"+":[198],"2.":[199],"Learning":[202],"(LP):":[204],"Sample_0:":[205],"Dr.":[206],"Lee":[207],"have":[208],"great":[209],"scalpel":[210],"skills.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}