{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412886696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.194","title":"Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning","display_name":"Enhancing Character-Level Understanding in LLMs through Token Internal Structure Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412886696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.194","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.194.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.194.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109104700","display_name":"Xu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4546-4810"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017935999","display_name":"Zhao Zhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6249-5702"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410564","display_name":"Zihan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7110-7234"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102019709","display_name":"Yuchi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0923-2249"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071512681","display_name":"Quanwei Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanwei Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602455","display_name":"Fei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9814-4226"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102953425","display_name":"Yu Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-9760"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101532407","display_name":"Jian He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2670-8472"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian He","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056618493","display_name":"Conglin Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conglin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3839","last_page":"3853"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9388999938964844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.6647390723228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.638948380947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5529152750968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.278433233499527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10063564777374268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.6647390723228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.638948380947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5529152750968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.278433233499527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10063564777374268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.194","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.194.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.194","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.194","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.194.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412886696.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412886696.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4388335561","https://openalex.org/W2970530566","https://openalex.org/W4251972423","https://openalex.org/W4288261899","https://openalex.org/W4307309205","https://openalex.org/W2967478618","https://openalex.org/W4385009901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Zhu":[0],"Xu,":[1],"Zhiqiang":[2],"Zhao,":[3],"Zihan":[4],"Zhang,":[5],"Yuchi":[6],"Liu,":[7,11],"Quanwei":[8],"Shen,":[9],"Fei":[10],"Yu":[12],"Kuang,":[13],"Jian":[14],"He,":[15],"Conglin":[16],"Liu.":[17],"Proceedings":[18],"of":[19,24],"the":[20,25],"63rd":[21],"Annual":[22],"Meeting":[23],"Association":[26],"for":[27],"Computational":[28],"Linguistics":[29],"(Volume":[30],"1:":[31],"Long":[32],"Papers).":[33],"2025.":[34]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}