{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412886716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.177","title":"Comparing Moral Values in Western English-speaking societies and LLMs with Word Associations","display_name":"Comparing Moral Values in Western English-speaking societies and LLMs with Word Associations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412886716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.177","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.177.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.177.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119180887","display_name":"Chaoyi Xiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoyi Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems , The University of Melbourne"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems , The University of Melbourne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069624553","display_name":"Chunhua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0266-5829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems , The University of Melbourne"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems , The University of Melbourne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058212304","display_name":"Simon De Deyne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7899-6210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon De Deyne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Complex Human Data Hub , The University of Melbourne"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Complex Human Data Hub , The University of Melbourne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025156794","display_name":"Lea Frermann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9712-1188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lea Frermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Systems , The University of Melbourne"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems , The University of Melbourne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13456406,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3521","last_page":"3536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10759","display_name":"Translation Studies and Practices","score":0.7692000269889832,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10759","display_name":"Translation Studies and Practices","score":0.7692000269889832,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.7554000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.6894000172615051,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.680630087852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3991088271141052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3404678702354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34039267897605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.15543755888938904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.680630087852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3991088271141052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3404678702354431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34039267897605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.15543755888938904}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.177","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.177.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.177","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.177.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412886716.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412886716.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,9,18,133,141],"impact":[2],"of":[3,20,37,76,101,110],"large":[4,99],"language":[5],"models":[6,27],"increases,":[7],"understanding":[8],"moral":[10,21,62,78,81,121,143,151],"values":[11,22,122,152],"they":[12],"reflect":[13,61],"becomes":[14],"ever":[15],"more":[16,73],"important.Assessing":[17],"nature":[19],"as":[23,66],"understood":[24],"by":[25],"these":[26],"via":[28],"direct":[29],"prompting":[30],"is":[31],"challenging":[32],"due":[33],"to":[34,47,52,60,70,119],"potential":[35],"leakage":[36],"human":[38,111,134],"norms":[39],"into":[40],"model":[41],"training":[42],"data,":[43],"and":[44,89,135,157],"their":[45],"sensitivity":[46],"prompt":[48],"formulation.Instead,":[49],"we":[50,96,114,139],"propose":[51,115],"use":[53],"word":[54,103,112],"associations,":[55,104],"which":[56],"have":[57],"been":[58],"shown":[59],"reasoning":[63],"in":[64,83],"humans,":[65],"lowlevel":[67],"underlying":[68],"representations":[69],"obtain":[71],"a":[72,98,116],"robust":[74],"picture":[75],"LLMs'":[77],"reasoning.We":[79],"study":[80],"differences":[82,149],"associations":[84],"from":[85,128,154],"western":[86],"English-speaking":[87],"communities":[88],"LLMs":[90],"trained":[91],"predominantly":[92],"on":[93,124],"English":[94,155],"data.First,":[95],"create":[97],"dataset":[100],"LLMgenerated":[102],"resembling":[105],"an":[106],"existing":[107],"data":[108],"set":[109],"associations.Next,":[113],"novel":[117],"method":[118],"propagate":[120],"based":[123],"seed":[125],"words":[126],"derived":[127],"Moral":[129],"Foundation":[130],"Theory":[131],"through":[132],"LLM-generated":[136],"association":[137],"graphs.Finally,":[138],"compare":[140],"resulting":[142],"conceptualizations,":[144],"highlighting":[145],"detailed":[146],"but":[147],"systematic":[148],"between":[150],"emerging":[153],"speakers":[156],"LLM":[158],"associations.":[159],"1":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}