{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412886779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.159","title":"Token Prepending: A Training-Free Approach for Eliciting Better Sentence Embeddings from LLMs","display_name":"Token Prepending: A Training-Free Approach for Eliciting Better Sentence Embeddings from LLMs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412886779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.159"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.159","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.159.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.159.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069913662","display_name":"Yuchen Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology , Nanjing University , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology , Nanjing University , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033620369","display_name":"Zifeng Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8486-2614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zifeng Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology , Nanjing University , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology , Nanjing University , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082553860","display_name":"Zhiwei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5243-4992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology , Nanjing University , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology , Nanjing University , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101686913","display_name":"Zhonghui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8930-645X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology , Nanjing University , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology , Nanjing University , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087888694","display_name":"Yafeng Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9497-6244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yafeng Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology , Nanjing University , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology , Nanjing University , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031620137","display_name":"Zhengliang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3021-2453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengliang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology , Nanjing University , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology , Nanjing University , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066574703","display_name":"Qing Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5948-4690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology , Nanjing University , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology , Nanjing University , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08396619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3168","last_page":"3181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13851","display_name":"Law, AI, and Intellectual Property","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.9789000153541565,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.7626112699508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.7087896466255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.6097434163093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5781958103179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3065522313117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2946484684944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07534247636795044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.7626112699508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.7087896466255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.6097434163093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5781958103179932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3065522313117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2946484684944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07534247636795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.159","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.159.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.159","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.159","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2025.acl-long.159.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3757583711","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6201729861","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"14380001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6427539792","display_name":"\u591a\u6e90\u590d\u6742\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972192","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6652830868","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61906085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7557400493","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62441225","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412886779.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412886779.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4388335561","https://openalex.org/W2970530566","https://openalex.org/W4288261899","https://openalex.org/W4307309205","https://openalex.org/W2967478618","https://openalex.org/W4385009901","https://openalex.org/W4385572700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Yuchen":[0],"Fu,":[1],"Zifeng":[2],"Cheng,":[3],"Zhiwei":[4],"Jiang,":[5],"Zhonghui":[6],"Wang,":[7],"Yafeng":[8],"Yin,":[9],"Zhengliang":[10],"Li,":[11],"Qing":[12],"Gu.":[13],"Proceedings":[14],"of":[15,20],"the":[16,21],"63rd":[17],"Annual":[18],"Meeting":[19],"Association":[22],"for":[23],"Computational":[24],"Linguistics":[25],"(Volume":[26],"1:":[27],"Long":[28],"Papers).":[29],"2025.":[30]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}