{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385573793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.809","title":"Directions for NLP Practices Applied to Online Hate Speech Detection","display_name":"Directions for NLP Practices Applied to Online Hate Speech Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385573793","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.809","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.809.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.809.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024011151","display_name":"Paula Fortuna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-9276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11932220","display_name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","ror":"https://ror.org/0371hy230","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["CA","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paula Fortuna","raw_affiliation_strings":["NLP Group Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","Fraser University Burnaby, Vancouver","Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","ICREA and"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NLP Group Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraser University Burnaby, Vancouver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICREA and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025705535","display_name":"M\u00f3nica Dom\u00ednguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-0670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11932220","display_name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","ror":"https://ror.org/0371hy230","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Dominguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["NLP Group Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","ICREA and","Fraser University Burnaby, Vancouver","Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NLP Group Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICREA and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraser University Burnaby, Vancouver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087323271","display_name":"Leo Wanner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9446-3748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11932220","display_name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","ror":"https://ror.org/0371hy230","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA","ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leo Wanner","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICREA and","NLP Group Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","Fraser University Burnaby, Vancouver"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICREA and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NLP Group Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraser University Burnaby, Vancouver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053442069","display_name":"Zeerak Talat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-867X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11932220","display_name":"Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats","ror":"https://ror.org/0371hy230","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeerak Talat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","ICREA and","NLP Group Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","Fraser University Burnaby, Vancouver"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICREA and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11932220"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NLP Group Pompeu Fabra University Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraser University Burnaby, Vancouver","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087323271"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11932220","https://openalex.org/I170486558","https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3793,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84652354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"11794","last_page":"11805"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9366999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9226999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7993996739387512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptualization","display_name":"Conceptualization","score":0.7847830057144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.7155705690383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6194009184837341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.604373574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.603502631187439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situated","display_name":"Situated","score":0.5483373999595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.46903595328330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.059452831745147705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7993996739387512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90734943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008777","display_name":"Conceptualization","level":2,"score":0.7847830057144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7155705690383911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6194009184837341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.604373574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.603502631187439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.5483373999595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.46903595328330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.059452831745147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.809","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.809.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/529e8de9-f620-492d-8ab3-2b0de632044d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/529e8de9-f620-492d-8ab3-2b0de632044d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fortuna, P, Dom\u00ednguez, M, Wanner, L & Talat, Z 2022, Directions for NLP practices applied to online hate speech detection. in Y Goldberg, Z Kozareva & Y Zhang (eds), Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. pp. 11794-11805, The 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 7/12/22. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.809","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.emnlp-main.809","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2022.emnlp-main.809.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3284537356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFRH/B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3998201246","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Social","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","funder_display_name":"European Social Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5818630289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFRH/BD/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G724804869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFRH/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323642","display_name":"Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/045b9pr88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385573793.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043867338","https://openalex.org/W2540646130","https://openalex.org/W2563826943","https://openalex.org/W2595653137","https://openalex.org/W2604821579","https://openalex.org/W2765861749","https://openalex.org/W2783792814","https://openalex.org/W2785615365","https://openalex.org/W2791170418","https://openalex.org/W2796646590","https://openalex.org/W2883031304","https://openalex.org/W2883957017","https://openalex.org/W2912023684","https://openalex.org/W2946681640","https://openalex.org/W2949678053","https://openalex.org/W2951576127","https://openalex.org/W2952038496","https://openalex.org/W2954226438","https://openalex.org/W2954479967","https://openalex.org/W2963116854","https://openalex.org/W2963532322","https://openalex.org/W2972735048","https://openalex.org/W2973159684","https://openalex.org/W2986741521","https://openalex.org/W2989795894","https://openalex.org/W3014487746","https://openalex.org/W3030681628","https://openalex.org/W3034282334","https://openalex.org/W3034723486","https://openalex.org/W3037831233","https://openalex.org/W3091315987","https://openalex.org/W3097185012","https://openalex.org/W3102141290","https://openalex.org/W3104887532","https://openalex.org/W3106727554","https://openalex.org/W3126217745","https://openalex.org/W3136593301","https://openalex.org/W3168175209","https://openalex.org/W3169973903","https://openalex.org/W3173167392","https://openalex.org/W3174882277","https://openalex.org/W3175487198","https://openalex.org/W3175546057","https://openalex.org/W3176580738","https://openalex.org/W3196248941","https://openalex.org/W3206428286","https://openalex.org/W3212327893","https://openalex.org/W3212464620","https://openalex.org/W4200444669","https://openalex.org/W4206546829","https://openalex.org/W4225816420","https://openalex.org/W4285199616","https://openalex.org/W4286850188","https://openalex.org/W4287117319","https://openalex.org/W4287125334","https://openalex.org/W4287365906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362575170","https://openalex.org/W2984230149","https://openalex.org/W1532772865","https://openalex.org/W2531253623","https://openalex.org/W1600697036","https://openalex.org/W2112095637","https://openalex.org/W2237121679","https://openalex.org/W4390616414","https://openalex.org/W3022222156","https://openalex.org/W2766430668"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Addressing":[0],"hate":[1,24,62,89],"speech":[2,25,63,90],"in":[3,97],"online":[4],"spaces":[5],"has":[6,28],"been":[7],"conceptualized":[8,42],"as":[9,43],"a":[10,44,65],"classification":[11],"task":[12,27],"that":[13,71,94,111],"uses":[14],"Natural":[15],"Language":[16],"Processing":[17],"(NLP)":[18],"techniques.":[19],"Through":[20],"this":[21,79],"conceptualization,":[22],"the":[23,103,116],"detection":[26],"relied":[29],"on":[30,85],"common":[31],"conventions":[32,96],"and":[33,50,53,68,75,105],"practices":[34],"from":[35],"NLP.":[36],"For":[37],"instance,":[38],"inter-annotator":[39],"agreement":[40],"is":[41,64],"way":[45],"to":[46,57,108],"measure":[47],"dataset":[48],"quality":[49],"certain":[51],"metrics":[52],"benchmarks":[54],"are":[55,99,112],"used":[56],"assure":[58],"model":[59],"generalization.":[60],"However,":[61],"deeply":[66],"complex":[67],"situated":[69],"concept":[70],"eludes":[72],"such":[73],"static":[74],"disembodied":[76],"practices.":[77],"In":[78],"position":[80],"paper,":[81],"we":[82,92],"critically":[83],"reflect":[84],"these":[86],"methodologies":[87],"for":[88,102,115],"detection,":[91],"argue":[93],"many":[95],"NLP":[98],"poorly":[100],"suited":[101],"problem":[104],"encourage":[106],"researchers":[107],"develop":[109],"methods":[110],"more":[113],"appropriate":[114],"task.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}