{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3175595639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.169","title":"A Mixed-Method Design Approach for Empirically Based Selection of Unbiased Data Annotators","display_name":"A Mixed-Method Design Approach for Empirically Based Selection of Unbiased Data Annotators","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3175595639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.169","mag":"3175595639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.169","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-acl.169.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-acl.169.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109581864","display_name":"Gautam Thakur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0941-9444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gautam Thakur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Road Oak Ridge, TN 37830"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Road Oak Ridge, TN 37830","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083500004","display_name":"Janna Caspersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0401-3488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janna Caspersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Road Oak Ridge, TN 37830"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Road Oak Ridge, TN 37830","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022174119","display_name":"Drahom\u00edra Herrmannov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2730-1546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Drahomira Herrmannova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Road Oak Ridge, TN 37830"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Road Oak Ridge, TN 37830","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110740727","display_name":"B. Curtis Eaton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan Eaton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Road Oak Ridge, TN 37830"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Road Oak Ridge, TN 37830","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082249975","display_name":"Jordan Burdette","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordan Burdette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Road Oak Ridge, TN 37830"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory 1 Bethel Valley Road Oak Ridge, TN 37830","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109581864"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08388497,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1930","last_page":"1938"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9715999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7770020961761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.6644363403320312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3736572861671448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3649110794067383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7770020961761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6644363403320312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3736572861671448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3649110794067383}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.169","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-acl.169.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1818712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1818712","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1818712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.findings-acl.169","pdf_url":"https://aclanthology.org/2021.findings-acl.169.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL-IJCNLP 2021","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","display_name":"Battelle","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5tnr73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316892","display_name":"UT-Battelle","ror":"https://ror.org/04nza6677"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332165","display_name":"National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4pxv54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3175595639.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3175595639.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W291753371","https://openalex.org/W842190952","https://openalex.org/W1501848909","https://openalex.org/W1539055490","https://openalex.org/W1914972138","https://openalex.org/W1970381522","https://openalex.org/W2096910467","https://openalex.org/W2125943921","https://openalex.org/W2127302040","https://openalex.org/W2133354966","https://openalex.org/W2139008962","https://openalex.org/W2148534455","https://openalex.org/W2530395818","https://openalex.org/W2680541203","https://openalex.org/W2762507350","https://openalex.org/W2774123141","https://openalex.org/W2788481061","https://openalex.org/W2795908329","https://openalex.org/W2806375370","https://openalex.org/W2893425640","https://openalex.org/W2898970033","https://openalex.org/W2942193471","https://openalex.org/W2949678053","https://openalex.org/W2950538796","https://openalex.org/W2963178340","https://openalex.org/W2963189767","https://openalex.org/W2969881216","https://openalex.org/W2972940946","https://openalex.org/W2981869278","https://openalex.org/W3017343191","https://openalex.org/W3177636709","https://openalex.org/W4287552728","https://openalex.org/W4386564360","https://openalex.org/W4389739628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2130043461","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Implicit":[0],"bias":[1],"embedded":[2],"in":[3,13,22,63,100],"the":[4,10,14,51,70,89],"annotated":[5],"data":[6,46,132],"is":[7,41,93],"by":[8],"far":[9],"greatest":[11],"impediment":[12],"effectual":[15],"use":[16],"of":[17,130],"supervised":[18],"machine":[19,78,106],"learning":[20,79,107],"models":[21],"tasks":[23],"involving":[24],"race,":[25],"ethics,":[26],"and":[27,33,48,66,96,120],"geopolitical":[28,115],"polarization.":[29],"For":[30],"societal":[31],"good":[32],"demonstrable":[34],"positive":[35],"impact":[36],"on":[37,88,112],"wider":[38],"society,":[39],"it":[40,111],"paramount":[42],"to":[43,56,98],"carefully":[44],"select":[45],"annotators":[47,58,103],"rigorously":[49],"validate":[50],"annotation":[52],"process.":[53],"Current":[54],"approaches":[55],"selecting":[57,101],"are":[59,67],"not":[60],"sufficiently":[61],"grounded":[62],"scientific":[64],"principles":[65],"limited":[68],"at":[69],"policy-guidance":[71],"level,":[72],"thereby":[73],"rendering":[74],"them":[75],"unusable":[76],"for":[77,104],"practitioners.":[80],"This":[81],"work":[82],"proposes":[83],"a":[84,113],"new":[85],"approach":[86],"based":[87],"mixed-methods":[90],"design":[91],"that":[92],"functional,":[94],"adaptable,":[95],"simpler":[97],"implement":[99],"unbiased":[102,131],"any":[105],"problem.":[108],"By":[109],"demonstrating":[110],"realworld":[114],"problem,":[116],"we":[117],"also":[118],"identified":[119],"ranked":[121],"key":[122],"inane":[123],"profile":[124],"characteristics":[125],"towards":[126],"an":[127],"empirically-based":[128],"selection":[129],"annotators.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}