{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6925450454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18420/inf2022_108","title":"Measuring Gender Bias in German Language Generation","display_name":"Measuring Gender Bias in German Language Generation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6925450454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18420/inf2022_108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18420/inf2022_108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18420/inf2022_108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052918","display_name":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Informatik (GI)","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18420/inf2022_108","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kraft, Angelie","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kraft, Angelie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zorn, Hans-Peter","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zorn, Hans-Peter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fecht, Pascal","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fecht, Pascal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Simon, Judith","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon, Judith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Biemann, Chris","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biemann, Chris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Usbeck, Ricardo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usbeck, Ricardo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57842542,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14128","display_name":"Metallurgical and Alloy Processes","score":0.02759999968111515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2500","display_name":"General Materials Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14128","display_name":"Metallurgical and Alloy Processes","score":0.02759999968111515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2500","display_name":"General Materials Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13889","display_name":"Advanced Materials and Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.012500000186264515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german","display_name":"German","score":0.8195000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-bias","display_name":"Gender bias","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-research","display_name":"Qualitative research","score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-language","display_name":"English language","score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qualitative-analysis","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","score":0.3361999988555908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.8195000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983427547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93200","display_name":"Gender bias","level":2,"score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5598000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.4002000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.36559998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.36070001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987496018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860","display_name":"English language","level":2,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159447121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490535","display_name":"Response bias","level":2,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776187449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513879","display_name":"Natural language generation","level":3,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779313563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17072565","display_name":"On Language","level":2,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166007726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4536542","display_name":"Language assessment","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18420/inf2022_108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18420/inf2022_108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052918","display_name":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Informatik (GI)","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18420/inf2022_108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18420/inf2022_108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052918","display_name":"Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Informatik (GI)","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7414656281471252,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"existing":[1],"methods":[2],"to":[3,88],"measure":[4,105],"social":[5],"bias":[6,51,62],"in":[7,52],"natural":[8],"language":[9,15,55],"generation":[10],"are":[11],"specified":[12],"for":[13,66,75],"English":[14,42],"models.":[16,56],"In":[17],"this":[18],"work,":[19],"we":[20,47,81],"developed":[21],"a":[22,28,60,67,103],"German":[23,68],"regard":[24,85,96],"classifier":[25,97],"based":[26],"on":[27],"newly":[29],"crowd-sourced":[30],"dataset.":[31],"Our":[32,91],"model":[33],"meets":[34],"the":[35,40,45,95],"test":[36],"set":[37],"accuracy":[38],"of":[39,70],"original":[41],"version.":[43],"With":[44],"classifier,":[46],"measured":[48],"binary":[49],"gender":[50],"two":[53],"large":[54],"The":[57],"results":[58],"indicate":[59],"positive":[61,84],"toward":[63],"female":[64],"subjects":[65],"version":[69],"GPT-2":[71],"and":[72],"similar":[73],"tendencies":[74],"GPT-3.":[76],"Yet,":[77],"upon":[78],"qualitative":[79,111],"analysis,":[80],"found":[82],"that":[83,94],"partly":[86],"corresponds":[87],"sexist":[89],"stereotypes.":[90],"findings":[92],"suggest":[93],"should":[98],"not":[99],"be":[100],"used":[101],"as":[102],"single":[104],"but,":[106],"instead,":[107],"combined":[108],"with":[109],"more":[110],"analyses.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
