{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415413109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2025-104","title":"When LLMs Meet Multi-Category Complex Classification: A Comparative Stud","display_name":"When LLMs Meet Multi-Category Complex Classification: A Comparative Stud","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415413109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2025-104"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18293/seke2025-104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2025-104","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2025-104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650826","display_name":"Proceedings/Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"2325-9000","issn":["2325-9000","2325-9086"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conferences on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2025-104","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120088649","display_name":"Haoying Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoying Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University , Xi'An , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University , Xi'An , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827","https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120088650","display_name":"Song Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University , Xi'An , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering Xidian University , Xi'An , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827","https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":null,"first_page":"318","last_page":"323"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.8901000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.8901000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14330","display_name":"Library Science and Information Systems","score":0.864799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10759","display_name":"Translation Studies and Practices","score":0.8550999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-group","display_name":"Ethnic group","score":0.24279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.2395000010728836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.2551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.24279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.24040000140666962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2395000010728836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18293/seke2025-104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2025-104","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2025-104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650826","display_name":"Proceedings/Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"2325-9000","issn":["2325-9000","2325-9086"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conferences on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18293/seke2025-104","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2025-104","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2025-104","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650826","display_name":"Proceedings/Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"2325-9000","issn":["2325-9000","2325-9086"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conferences on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415413109.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415413109.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,48,104,122,143],"Large":[3],"Language":[4],"Models":[5],"(LLMs)":[6],"present":[7],"new":[8],"opportunities":[9],"for":[10,41,112,187],"tackling":[11],"complex":[12,42,106,145,194],"classification":[13,27,43,62,126,146,195],"problems;":[14],"however,":[15],"few":[16],"studies":[17],"have":[18],"systematically":[19],"evaluated":[20,71],"the":[21,117,155],"performance":[22,103,118],"of":[23,35,57,119],"LLMs":[24,37,91,113,121,133,159,178],"on":[25,60,190],"multi-category":[26,61,105,144],"tasks.This":[28],"paper":[29],"conducts":[30],"a":[31,53,97],"comprehensive":[32],"comparative":[33],"analysis":[34],"various":[36],"and":[38,67,80,87,89,114,124,140,179,185],"traditional":[39,137],"models":[40,59,70,76,84,142,171],"tasks.We":[44],"made":[45],"two":[46],"contributions":[47],"this":[49],"study.First,":[50],"we":[51,108,182],"provide":[52],"systematic":[54],"experimental":[55],"evaluation":[56],"different":[58],"tasks":[63],"across":[64],"both":[65],"text":[66,123],"vision":[68,125,169,177],"domains.The":[69],"include":[72],"four":[73,90],"deep":[74,138],"learning":[75,139],"(CNN,":[77],"RNN,":[78],"ResNet,":[79],"EfficientNet),":[81],"three":[82],"Transformer":[83,141,170],"(BERT,":[85],"ViT,":[86],"SwinT),":[88],"with":[92],"varying":[93],"parameter":[94],"sizes,":[95],"offering":[96],"broad":[98],"framework":[99],"to":[100,193],"assess":[101],"model":[102],"classification.Second,":[107],"explore":[109],"fine-tuning":[110,158],"strategies":[111],"empirically":[115],"examine":[116],"fine-tuned":[120,180],"tasks.Our":[127],"results":[128],"indicate":[129],"that,":[130],"without":[131],"fine-tuning,":[132],"do":[134],"not":[135,153],"outperform":[136],"when":[147],"their":[148,163],"training":[149],"knowledge":[150],"base":[151],"does":[152],"cover":[154],"test":[156],"dataset.However,":[157],"can":[160],"substantially":[161],"improve":[162],"accuracy.We":[164],"also":[165],"find":[166],"that":[167],"specialized":[168],"often":[172],"achieve":[173],"higher":[174],"accuracy":[175],"than":[176],"LLMs.Finally,":[181],"share":[183],"insights":[184],"recommendations":[186],"future":[188],"research":[189],"LLM-based":[191],"approaches":[192],"tasks.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-24T00:00:00"}
