{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197567455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2021-113","title":"Optimal Conjunctive Normal Form Encoding for Symbolic Execution","display_name":"Optimal Conjunctive Normal Form Encoding for Symbolic Execution","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197567455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2021-113","mag":"3197567455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18293/seke2021-113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.18293/seke2021-113","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2021-113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650826","display_name":"Proceedings/Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"2325-9000","issn":["2325-9000","2325-9086"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conferences on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2021-113","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013949426","display_name":"Weiyu Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162831","display_name":"Lukenya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dj22k02","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162831"]}],"countries":["CN","KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weiyu Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science WuHan University Wuhan, China","College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University Changsha, China","College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha, China","Luyao"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science WuHan University Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Luyao","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162831"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013949426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230","https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210162831"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":null,"first_page":"538","last_page":"543"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7976686954498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjunctive-normal-form","display_name":"Conjunctive normal form","score":0.7602499723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-execution","display_name":"Symbolic execution","score":0.7476058602333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6670771241188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6346541047096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisfiability","display_name":"Satisfiability","score":0.5913697481155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.5842945575714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.5188487768173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisfiability-modulo-theories","display_name":"Satisfiability modulo theories","score":0.4440802037715912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concolic-testing","display_name":"Concolic testing","score":0.43707460165023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.43072906136512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propositional-formula","display_name":"Propositional formula","score":0.42698508501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/execution-time","display_name":"Execution time","score":0.41782188415527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4126235246658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3760020136833191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36176347732543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propositional-variable","display_name":"Propositional variable","score":0.21475866436958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14079710841178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11556005477905273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7976686954498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16221470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846564","display_name":"Conjunctive normal form","level":2,"score":0.7602499723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779639559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661178","display_name":"Symbolic execution","level":3,"score":0.7476058602333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6670771241188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6346541047096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168773769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350299","display_name":"Satisfiability","level":2,"score":0.5913697481155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.5842945575714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.5188487768173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164155591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067766","display_name":"Satisfiability modulo theories","level":2,"score":0.4440802037715912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11219265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158734","display_name":"Concolic testing","level":4,"score":0.43707460165023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.43072906136512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74640108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1372900","display_name":"Propositional formula","level":5,"score":0.42698508501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989134064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288510","display_name":"Execution time","level":2,"score":0.41782188415527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4126235246658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3760020136833191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36176347732543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14523651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3492863","display_name":"Propositional variable","level":4,"score":0.21475866436958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14079710841178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11556005477905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33203268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5361594","display_name":"Intermediate logic","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18293/seke2021-113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.18293/seke2021-113","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2021-113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650826","display_name":"Proceedings/Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"2325-9000","issn":["2325-9000","2325-9086"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conferences on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18293/seke2021-113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.18293/seke2021-113","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2021-113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650826","display_name":"Proceedings/Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"2325-9000","issn":["2325-9000","2325-9086"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conferences on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1905943838","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u7b26\u53f7\u6267\u884c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61632015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197567455.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3197567455.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116894366","https://openalex.org/W391985582","https://openalex.org/W1593003168","https://openalex.org/W1634497122","https://openalex.org/W1710734607","https://openalex.org/W1949943063","https://openalex.org/W1980867644","https://openalex.org/W2020703884","https://openalex.org/W2029229881","https://openalex.org/W2096352448","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2101512909","https://openalex.org/W2110311336","https://openalex.org/W2126662120","https://openalex.org/W2129487583","https://openalex.org/W2133218851","https://openalex.org/W2147148915","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2518440340","https://openalex.org/W2623182815","https://openalex.org/W2888875512","https://openalex.org/W2890313205","https://openalex.org/W3022618186","https://openalex.org/W4242377092","https://openalex.org/W4245630182","https://openalex.org/W4287371562","https://openalex.org/W6604792949","https://openalex.org/W6675093156","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6679700926","https://openalex.org/W6681933737","https://openalex.org/W6754250063","https://openalex.org/W6824137238"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992485833","https://openalex.org/W2184716478","https://openalex.org/W1572317885","https://openalex.org/W2403719849","https://openalex.org/W2276185690","https://openalex.org/W3083162932","https://openalex.org/W2287565210","https://openalex.org/W2399578172","https://openalex.org/W2141498181","https://openalex.org/W2782813868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Constraint":[0],"solving":[1],"is":[2,100],"a":[3,42,56,92,110],"key":[4],"challenge":[5],"in":[6,164],"symbolic":[7,10,127,139,177],"execution.":[8,178],"Usually,":[9],"execution":[11,128,140],"uses":[12],"the":[13,20,25,30,52,63,67,74,126,137,174,184,187],"fixed-size":[14],"bitvector":[15],"theory":[16],"to":[17,28,107],"precisely":[18],"model":[19],"program's":[21],"behavior":[22],"and":[23,44,60,133,145],"generates":[24],"bit-vector":[26,36],"formula":[27,54],"query":[29],"SMT":[31,38],"solver.":[32],"To":[33],"solve":[34],"such":[35],"formula,":[37,59],"solvers":[39],"usually":[40],"adopt":[41],"bitblasting":[43],"conjunctive":[45],"normal":[46],"form":[47],"(CNF)":[48],"conversion":[49,95],"step,":[50],"transforming":[51],"original":[53],"into":[55,125],"equi-satisfiable":[57],"CNF":[58,69,83,94,112],"then":[61],"check":[62],"formula's":[64],"satisfiability.":[65],"However,":[66],"different":[68],"conversions":[70],"can":[71,171],"significantly":[72],"affect":[73],"efficiency":[75,175],"of":[76,159,176,186],"SAT":[77],"solving.":[78],"We":[79,119],"observe":[80],"that":[81,168],"each":[82,116],"encoding":[84,113],"algorithm":[85,96,114,124],"has":[86],"its":[87,146],"suitable":[88,111],"applications,":[89],"while":[90],"adopting":[91],"specific":[93],"for":[97,115,142],"all":[98],"formulas":[99],"often":[101],"not":[102],"optimal.":[103],"Therefore,":[104],"we":[105],"propose":[106],"intelligently":[108],"select":[109],"logical":[117],"formula.":[118],"have":[120],"integrated":[121],"our":[122,169,181],"selection":[123],"framework":[129],"based":[130,155],"on":[131,156],"KLEE":[132],"STP,":[134],"which":[135],"are":[136],"state-of-the-art":[138],"engine":[141],"C":[143,162],"programs":[144,163],"default":[147],"underlying":[148],"constraint":[149],"solver,":[150],"respectively.":[151],"The":[152],"experimental":[153],"results,":[154],"extensive":[157],"evaluation":[158],"86":[160],"real-world":[161],"Coreutils":[165],"benchmark,":[166],"indicate":[167],"method":[170,182],"effectively":[172],"improve":[173],"On":[179],"average,":[180],"increases":[183],"number":[185],"explored":[188],"paths":[189],"by":[190],"27.2%.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}