{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4234956270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2015-17","title":"An Oracle based on Image Comparison for Regression Testing of Web Applications","display_name":"An Oracle based on Image Comparison for Regression Testing of Web Applications","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4234956270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2015-17"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18293/seke2015-17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.18293/seke2015-17","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2015-17","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650826","display_name":"Proceedings/Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"2325-9000","issn":["2325-9000","2325-9086"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conferences on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2015-17","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113446426","display_name":"Akihiro Hori","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akihiro Hori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information and Computer Science, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information and Computer Science, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101769229","display_name":"Shingo Takada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1255-177X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shingo Takada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Information and Computer Science, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Information and Computer Science, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103853298","display_name":"Haruto Tanno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haruto Tanno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Innovation Center, NTT Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Innovation Center, NTT Corporation, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010336065","display_name":"Morihide Oinuma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morihide Oinuma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Innovation Center, NTT Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Innovation Center, NTT Corporation, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113446426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5531,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77362744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8239836096763611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.7196550369262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-testing","display_name":"Regression testing","score":0.6903550624847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-testing","display_name":"Web testing","score":0.6040536165237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4975140392780304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.4936145544052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.47398796677589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.43050646781921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4263717532157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.42049896717071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40607696771621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.38044601678848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3203074038028717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application-security","display_name":"Web application security","score":0.2462823987007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.229268878698349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.20103654265403748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-development","display_name":"Web development","score":0.18682965636253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11279892921447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10268530249595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.09685340523719788}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8239836096763611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.7196550369262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161821725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917415","display_name":"Regression testing","level":5,"score":0.6903550624847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42989059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978626","display_name":"Web testing","level":5,"score":0.6040536165237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4975140392780304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.4936145544052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.47398796677589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43050646781921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4263717532157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.42049896717071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40607696771621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.38044601678848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3203074038028717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59241245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781497","display_name":"Web application security","level":4,"score":0.2462823987007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.229268878698349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.20103654265403748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79373723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386275","display_name":"Web development","level":3,"score":0.18682965636253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11279892921447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10268530249595642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.09685340523719788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18293/seke2015-17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.18293/seke2015-17","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2015-17","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650826","display_name":"Proceedings/Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"2325-9000","issn":["2325-9000","2325-9086"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conferences on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18293/seke2015-17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.18293/seke2015-17","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.18293/seke2015-17","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4220650826","display_name":"Proceedings/Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","issn_l":"2325-9000","issn":["2325-9000","2325-9086"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conferences on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4234956270.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4234956270.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31287713","https://openalex.org/W1971086806","https://openalex.org/W1990136455","https://openalex.org/W2014039252","https://openalex.org/W2026878519","https://openalex.org/W2064492197","https://openalex.org/W2073495839","https://openalex.org/W2104067333","https://openalex.org/W2105046314","https://openalex.org/W2111774152","https://openalex.org/W2126627822","https://openalex.org/W2135841285","https://openalex.org/W2401856859","https://openalex.org/W2406780792","https://openalex.org/W2546881228","https://openalex.org/W6647743403","https://openalex.org/W6654076857","https://openalex.org/W6675431140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350300534","https://openalex.org/W2979185375","https://openalex.org/W2365828106","https://openalex.org/W2369571370","https://openalex.org/W643057374","https://openalex.org/W136194256","https://openalex.org/W3095606514","https://openalex.org/W2364392443","https://openalex.org/W2381625382","https://openalex.org/W2362190997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Much":[0],"work":[1,25],"has":[2,26,80],"been":[3,27],"done":[4,28],"on":[5,17,29,83],"automating":[6],"regression":[7,101,154],"testing":[8,102,155],"for":[9,95],"Web":[10,63,73,85,104,136,150,165],"applications,":[11],"but":[12],"most":[13],"of":[14,61,100,109,115,162,176],"them":[15],"focus":[16],"test":[18,22,34,93],"data":[19],"generation":[20],"or":[21,36],"execution.":[23],"Little":[24],"automatically":[30,96],"determining":[31,97],"if":[32],"a":[33,49,62,92,103],"passed":[35],"failed;":[37],"testers":[38],"would":[39],"need":[40],"to":[41],"visually":[42],"confirm":[43],"the":[44,57,72,84,98,113,128,133,149,160,163,168,174],"result":[45,99],"which":[46,120],"can":[47,144],"be":[48,145],"tedious":[50],"task.":[51],"The":[52,106],"difficulty":[53],"is":[54,75,112,152,156],"compounded":[55],"by":[56,131,158],"fact":[58],"that":[59,117,141],"parts":[60,116],"page":[64],"(such":[65],"as":[66],"advertisements)":[67],"may":[68,118],"change":[69],"each":[70],"time":[71],"application":[74,86,137,151,166],"executed":[76],"even":[77],"though":[78],"it":[79],"no":[81],"bearing":[82],"function":[87],"itself.":[88],"We":[89,125],"thus":[90],"propose":[91],"oracle":[94],"application.":[105],"key":[107],"point":[108],"our":[110,177],"approach":[111],"identification":[114],"change,":[119],"we":[121],"call":[122],"variable":[123,142],"region.":[124],"first":[126],"generate":[127],"expected":[129,169],"result,":[130],"executing":[132],"original":[134],"(premodification)":[135],"multiple":[138],"times":[139],"so":[140],"regions":[143],"identified.":[146],"Then,":[147],"after":[148],"modified,":[153],"conducted":[157],"comparing":[159],"output":[161],"modified":[164],"against":[167],"output.":[170],"An":[171],"evaluation":[172],"confirmed":[173],"usefulness":[175],"approach.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}