{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2238866705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17487/rfc6101","title":"The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Protocol Version 3.0","display_name":"The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Protocol Version 3.0","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2238866705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17487/rfc6101","mag":"2238866705"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17487/rfc6101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17487/rfc6101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"report"},"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080910685","display_name":"A. Freier","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Freier","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057145149","display_name":"Philip Karlton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342911587","display_name":"Oracle (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/006c77m33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153877","display_name":"Microsystems (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pvywd96","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158342","display_name":"Intel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/058cxws58","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Karlton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bellcore Sun Microsystems","Intel Corporation","Microsystems Bellcore","RSA Data Security, Inc. Bellcore","RSA Data Security, Inc. General Magic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bellcore Sun Microsystems","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587","https://openalex.org/I4210153877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsystems Bellcore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RSA Data Security, Inc. Bellcore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RSA Data Security, Inc. General Magic","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038006957","display_name":"Paul Kocher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342911587","display_name":"Oracle (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/006c77m33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153877","display_name":"Microsystems (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pvywd96","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158342","display_name":"Intel (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/058cxws58","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Kocher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bellcore Sun Microsystems","Intel Corporation","Microsystems Bellcore","RSA Data Security, Inc. Bellcore","RSA Data Security, Inc. General Magic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bellcore Sun Microsystems","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587","https://openalex.org/I4210153877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsystems Bellcore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RSA Data Security, Inc. Bellcore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"RSA Data Security, Inc. General Magic","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":353,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.3709999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.3709999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-layer-security","display_name":"Transport Layer Security","score":0.7371265888214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6161918044090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.6108393669128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5728644132614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4898047149181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer","display_name":"Application layer","score":0.4660417139530182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.35231971740722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.12878501415252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.12498912215232849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.10814818739891052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.08137798309326172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148176105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206494","display_name":"Transport Layer Security","level":3,"score":0.7371265888214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6161918044090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.6108393669128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5728644132614136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4898047149181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190793597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189768","display_name":"Application layer","level":3,"score":0.4660417139530182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.35231971740722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.12878501415252686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.12498912215232849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10814818739891052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.08137798309326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17487/rfc6101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17487/rfc6101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"report"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585665690","https://openalex.org/W1656678770","https://openalex.org/W1926480282","https://openalex.org/W2504068550","https://openalex.org/W4230038347","https://openalex.org/W4231078754","https://openalex.org/W4239152584","https://openalex.org/W4247418305","https://openalex.org/W4293168393","https://openalex.org/W4299561225","https://openalex.org/W4301166697","https://openalex.org/W4302403997"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886285749","https://openalex.org/W2504933265","https://openalex.org/W1585302186","https://openalex.org/W2216035532","https://openalex.org/W2181429049","https://openalex.org/W2784943730","https://openalex.org/W201322543","https://openalex.org/W2969696505","https://openalex.org/W62667645","https://openalex.org/W1971030902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"of":[0,12,118,130,148,154,210,219,224],"the":[1,13,28,50,66,79,91,98,114,119,125,131,137,146,155,166,170,176,181,190,215,225],"SSL":[2,51,120,220],"3.0":[3,11,52,121],"protocol.The":[4],"original":[5,99,138,156],"Abstract":[6],"follows.This":[7],"document":[8,100,108,139,157,191],"specifies":[9],"version":[10,117,129],"Secure":[14],"Sockets":[15],"Layer":[16,70],"(SSL":[17],"3.0)":[18],"protocol,":[19,58,122],"a":[20,37,55,59,94,149],"security":[21],"protocol":[22,30,53,207],"that":[23,39,105,123,158],"provides":[24],"communications":[25,63],"privacy":[26],"over":[27],"Internet.The":[29],"allows":[31],"client/server":[32],"applications":[33],"to":[34,42,90,97,136,200],"communicate":[35],"in":[36,61,82,180,189,206],"way":[38],"is":[40,54,111],"designed":[41],"prevent":[43],"eavesdropping,":[44],"tampering,":[45],"or":[46],"message":[47],"forgery.":[48],"ForewordAlthough":[49],"widely":[56],"implemented":[57],"pioneer":[60],"secure":[62],"protocols,":[64],"and":[65,103,145,175],"basis":[67],"for":[68,104,203,217],"Transport":[69],"Security":[71],"(TLS),":[72],"it":[73],"was":[74],"never":[75],"formally":[76],"published":[77,116],"by":[78],"IETF,":[80],"except":[81],"several":[83],"expired":[84],"Internet-Drafts.This":[85],"allowed":[86],"no":[87,134,159],"easy":[88],"referencing":[89],"protocol.We":[92],"believe":[93],"stable":[95],"reference":[96],"should":[101],"exist":[102],"reason,":[106],"this":[107],"describes":[109],"what":[110],"known":[112],"as":[113,165],"last":[115],"is,":[124],"November":[126],"18,":[127],"1996,":[128],"protocol.There":[132],"were":[133,162],"changes":[135,144],"other":[140],"than":[141],"trivial":[142],"editorial":[143],"addition":[147],"\"Security":[150],"Considerations\"":[151],"section.However,":[152],"portions":[153],"longer":[160],"apply":[161,194],"not":[163,193,222],"included.Such":[164],"\"Patent":[167],"Statement\"":[168],"section,":[169,174],"\"Reserved":[171],"Ports":[172],"Assignment\"":[173],"cipher-suite":[177],"registrator":[178],"note":[179],"\"The":[182],"CipherSuite\"":[183],"section.The":[184],"\"US":[185],"export":[186],"rules\"":[187],"discussed":[188],"do":[192],"today":[195],"but":[196],"are":[197],"kept":[198],"intact":[199],"provide":[201],"context":[202],"decisions":[204],"taken":[205],"design.The":[208],"\"Goals":[209],"This":[211],"Document\"":[212],"section":[213],"indicates":[214],"goals":[216,223],"adopters":[218],"3.0,":[221],"IETF.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
