{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414144068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.2400700","title":"Design of omnidirectional Rydberg atomic sensors loaded with electric field enhancement structure using characteristic mode analysis","display_name":"Design of omnidirectional Rydberg atomic sensors loaded with electric field enhancement structure using characteristic mode analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414144068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.2400700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.2400700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.2400700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology &amp; Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101284644","display_name":"Zhenke Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8298-9263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenke Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330510","display_name":"Yi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2558-444X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2558-444X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077973620","display_name":"Bo Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-1602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052986404","display_name":"Kai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6306-646X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093053719","display_name":"Ruibing Ran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruibing Ran","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032805104","display_name":"Yi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9235-3668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088538926","display_name":"Yunqi Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9633-7473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqi Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100330510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16193348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"8","first_page":"1461","last_page":"1472"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10425","display_name":"Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omnidirectional-antenna","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","score":0.5684999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field","display_name":"Electric field","score":0.5641000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modal","display_name":"Modal","score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rydberg-formula","display_name":"Rydberg formula","score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.35659998655319214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.5684999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.5641000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4991999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71139939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910194","display_name":"Modal","level":2,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70747811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661248","display_name":"Rydberg formula","level":4,"score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116225407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2178236","display_name":"Rydberg atom","level":5,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104286136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416137","display_name":"Modal analysis","level":3,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2605000138282776}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.2400700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.2400700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology &amp; Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489096603","https://openalex.org/W1782406917","https://openalex.org/W1883624694","https://openalex.org/W1976538210","https://openalex.org/W2056329548","https://openalex.org/W2497417700","https://openalex.org/W2794199166","https://openalex.org/W2797033204","https://openalex.org/W2797672915","https://openalex.org/W2896396822","https://openalex.org/W2921678951","https://openalex.org/W2923281033","https://openalex.org/W2962784357","https://openalex.org/W2980428207","https://openalex.org/W3092564397","https://openalex.org/W3098474352","https://openalex.org/W3099724639","https://openalex.org/W3100806883","https://openalex.org/W3102926457","https://openalex.org/W3103060332","https://openalex.org/W3106236278","https://openalex.org/W3123080544","https://openalex.org/W3163963224","https://openalex.org/W3187023350","https://openalex.org/W3213575945","https://openalex.org/W4211060987","https://openalex.org/W4211225912","https://openalex.org/W4211231444","https://openalex.org/W4212985552","https://openalex.org/W4280500132","https://openalex.org/W4283837272","https://openalex.org/W4285141471","https://openalex.org/W4294786636","https://openalex.org/W4306405766","https://openalex.org/W4309314418","https://openalex.org/W4309351891","https://openalex.org/W4312762847","https://openalex.org/W4312812854","https://openalex.org/W4313180825","https://openalex.org/W4315648964","https://openalex.org/W4360611050","https://openalex.org/W4382021511","https://openalex.org/W4387212557","https://openalex.org/W4389086969","https://openalex.org/W4391582626","https://openalex.org/W4391775718","https://openalex.org/W4395077612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2795859079","https://openalex.org/W3116842400","https://openalex.org/W2917356838","https://openalex.org/W2801284169","https://openalex.org/W2418288940","https://openalex.org/W1519251379","https://openalex.org/W4205936821","https://openalex.org/W4319730878","https://openalex.org/W1985353211","https://openalex.org/W3096566637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,126,188],"integration":[1],"of":[2,35,41,46,51,103,119,129,153,164,180,204,210,218],"electric":[3,68,201],"field":[4,202],"enhancement":[5],"structures":[6],"(EFESs)":[7],"with":[8],"Rydberg":[9],"atomic":[10],"sensors":[11],"(RASs)":[12],"has":[13],"garnered":[14],"considerable":[15],"interest":[16],"due":[17,149],"to":[18,21,67,98,106,145,150],"their":[19,77,123],"potential":[20,227],"enhance":[22],"detection":[23],"sensitivity":[24],"in":[25,60,221,231],"quantum":[26],"measurement":[27,62],"systems.":[28],"Despite":[29],"this,":[30,91],"there":[31],"is":[32,80],"a":[33,54,81,86,117],"dearth":[34],"research":[36],"on":[37],"the":[38,44,47,100,107,110,133,151,162,173,178,192,216,232],"directional":[39],"response":[40],"EFES,":[42],"and":[43,64,122,168,207],"analysis":[45,97],"three-dimensional":[48],"(3D)":[49],"patterns":[50,79,148],"RAS":[52],"remains":[53],"formidable":[55],"challenge.":[56],"RASs":[57],"are":[58,65,142],"employed":[59],"non-destructive":[61],"techniques,":[63],"responsive":[66],"fields,":[69],"primarily":[70],"serving":[71],"as":[72],"reception":[73,78,111],"devices.":[74],"However,":[75],"analyzing":[76,222],"complex":[82],"task":[83],"that":[84,191],"requires":[85],"sophisticated":[87],"approach.":[88],"To":[89,176],"address":[90],"we":[92,184],"adopt":[93],"characteristic":[94],"mode":[95],"(CM)":[96],"illustrate":[99],"omnidirectional":[101],"performance":[102],"RAS.":[104],"According":[105],"CM":[108],"theory,":[109],"pattern":[112],"can":[113],"be":[114],"calculated":[115],"by":[116],"series":[118],"modal":[120],"currents":[121],"corresponding":[124],"coefficients.":[125],"analytical":[127],"representation":[128],"these":[130],"coefficients":[131],"negates":[132],"need":[134],"for":[135,172,228],"time-consuming":[136],"full-wave":[137],"(FW)":[138],"numerical":[139],"simulations,":[140],"which":[141],"typically":[143],"required":[144],"generate":[146],"EFES":[147,166,223],"necessity":[152],"scanning":[154],"numerous":[155],"angle":[156],"parameters.":[157],"This":[158],"approach":[159],"significantly":[160],"reduces":[161],"complexity":[163],"solving":[165],"patterns,":[167,224],"provides":[169],"insightful":[170],"guidance":[171],"design":[174],"process.":[175],"validate":[177],"efficacy":[179],"our":[181,219],"proposed":[182],"method,":[183],"construct":[185],"three":[186],"prototypes.":[187],"results":[189],"indicate":[190],"final":[193],"model":[194],"resonates":[195],"at":[196],"1.96":[197],"GHz,":[198],"achieving":[199],"an":[200,208],"gain":[203],"25":[205],"dB":[206],"out-of-roundness":[209],"2.4":[211],"dB.":[212],"These":[213],"findings":[214],"underscore":[215],"effectiveness":[217],"method":[220],"highlighting":[225],"its":[226],"future":[229],"applications":[230],"field.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
