{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317734040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.2100398","title":"Acoustic localization with multi-layer isogradient sound speed profile using TDOA and FDOA","display_name":"Acoustic localization with multi-layer isogradient sound speed profile using TDOA and FDOA","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317734040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.2100398"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.2100398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.2100398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology &amp; Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036775646","display_name":"Dongzhou Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3119-2178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongzhou Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3119-2178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016047510","display_name":"Sitian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-0126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sitian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047916529","display_name":"Shougui Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shougui Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016258794","display_name":"Huarong Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-6792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huarong Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation-Imaging Testbed of Zhejiang Province, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation-Imaging Testbed of Zhejiang Province, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075398704","display_name":"Wen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9138-8773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation-Imaging Testbed of Zhejiang Province, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation-Imaging Testbed of Zhejiang Province, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075398704"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773","https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9426,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90591635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"164","last_page":"175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.898759663105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.7226191759109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.7187131643295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6294759511947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5794385075569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.5708479881286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speed-of-sound","display_name":"Speed of sound","score":0.475010484457016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fdoa","display_name":"FDOA","score":0.4717496335506439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-delay","display_name":"Propagation delay","score":0.45972177386283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.45613059401512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.4369127154350281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-source-localization","display_name":"Acoustic source localization","score":0.4338006377220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.4128923714160919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4066033363342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-wave","display_name":"Acoustic wave","score":0.2724801301956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18946236371994019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17440369725227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13668474555015564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.898759663105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.7226191759109497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7187131643295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6294759511947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5794385075569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.5708479881286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200351514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124003","display_name":"Speed of sound","level":2,"score":0.475010484457016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14774633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5425288","display_name":"FDOA","level":4,"score":0.4717496335506439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90806461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144416","display_name":"Propagation delay","level":2,"score":0.45972177386283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.45613059401512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.4369127154350281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93240960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217270","display_name":"Acoustic source localization","level":3,"score":0.4338006377220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4128923714160919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4066033363342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204723758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882459","display_name":"Acoustic wave","level":2,"score":0.2724801301956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18946236371994019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17440369725227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13668474555015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.2100398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.2100398","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology &amp; Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482632304","https://openalex.org/W1556920999","https://openalex.org/W1982494121","https://openalex.org/W1999397405","https://openalex.org/W2008904636","https://openalex.org/W2019506870","https://openalex.org/W2028526813","https://openalex.org/W2038023485","https://openalex.org/W2061850954","https://openalex.org/W2107462665","https://openalex.org/W2117842897","https://openalex.org/W2119717304","https://openalex.org/W2134060757","https://openalex.org/W2146446044","https://openalex.org/W2146845212","https://openalex.org/W2156476853","https://openalex.org/W2157379615","https://openalex.org/W2159142527","https://openalex.org/W2782436561","https://openalex.org/W2805169258","https://openalex.org/W2871197111","https://openalex.org/W2894932698","https://openalex.org/W2894964978","https://openalex.org/W2979789727","https://openalex.org/W2980303531","https://openalex.org/W3022887783","https://openalex.org/W4239691739"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390570342","https://openalex.org/W2776253891","https://openalex.org/W2129263947","https://openalex.org/W2038717975","https://openalex.org/W2370956270","https://openalex.org/W2268218630","https://openalex.org/W2392726999","https://openalex.org/W3170014970","https://openalex.org/W2333042572","https://openalex.org/W2363281687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,4,26,58,64,78,82,87,100,117,120,125,130,136],"underwater":[2,42,92],"medium,":[3],"speed":[5,51],"of":[6,17,22,81,103,109,119],"sound":[7,23,50,65,137],"varies":[8],"with":[9,124,143],"water":[10,18],"depth,":[11],"temperature,":[12],"and":[13,106,153],"salinity.":[14],"The":[15],"inhomogeneity":[16],"leads":[19],"to":[20,115],"bending":[21,139],"rays,":[24],"making":[25],"existing":[27],"localization":[28,94,156],"algorithms":[29],"based":[30],"on":[31,77],"straight-line":[32,127],"propagation":[33,128],"less":[34],"precise.":[35],"To":[36],"realize":[37],"high-precision":[38],"node":[39,93,155],"positioning":[40],"in":[41],"acoustic":[43],"sensor":[44,88],"networks":[45],"(UASNs),":[46],"a":[47,72,90],"multi-layer":[48],"isogradient":[49],"profile":[52],"(SSP)":[53],"model":[54],"is":[55,69,96,148],"developed":[56],"using":[57,98],"linear":[59],"segmentation":[60],"approximation":[61],"approach.":[62],"Then,":[63],"ray":[66,138],"tracking":[67],"problem":[68],"converted":[70],"into":[71],"polynomial":[73],"root-searching":[74],"problem.":[75],"Based":[76],"derived":[79],"gradient":[80],"signal\u2019s":[83],"Doppler":[84],"shift":[85],"at":[86],"node,":[89],"novel":[91],"algorithm":[95,132],"proposed":[97,121,131],"both":[99],"time":[101],"difference":[102,108],"arrival":[104,110],"(TDOA)":[105],"frequency":[107],"(FDOA).":[111],"Simulations":[112],"are":[113],"implemented":[114],"illustrate":[116],"effectiveness":[118],"algorithm.":[122],"Compared":[123],"traditional":[126],"method,":[129],"can":[133,157],"effectively":[134],"handle":[135],"phenomenon.":[140],"Estimation":[141],"accuracy":[142],"different":[144],"SSP":[145],"modeling":[146],"errors":[147],"also":[149],"investigated.":[150],"Overall,":[151],"accurate":[152],"reliable":[154],"be":[158],"achieved.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
