{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157234758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.2000484","title":"Spatial fading channel emulation for over-the-air testing of millimeter-wave radios: concepts and experimental validations","display_name":"Spatial fading channel emulation for over-the-air testing of millimeter-wave radios: concepts and experimental validations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157234758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.2000484","mag":"3157234758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.2000484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.2000484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/398657126/revised_manuscriptr.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089347799","display_name":"Wei Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-4485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Antenna Propagation and Millimeter-wave Systems (APMS) Section, Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-4485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Antenna Propagation and Millimeter-wave Systems (APMS) Section, Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054006348","display_name":"Lassi Hentil\u00e4","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9852-5152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3017401281","display_name":"Raytheon Technologies (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/057a9rf33","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416","https://openalex.org/I3017401281"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lassi Hentil\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keysight Technologies Finland Oy, Oulu, 90014, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keysight Technologies Finland Oy, Oulu, 90014, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3017401281"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041819257","display_name":"Pekka Ky\u00f6sti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3533-9234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3017401281","display_name":"Raytheon Technologies (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/057a9rf33","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306686416","https://openalex.org/I3017401281"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pekka Ky\u00f6sti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland","Keysight Technologies Finland Oy, Oulu, 90014, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keysight Technologies Finland Oy, Oulu, 90014, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3017401281"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3934,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58419284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"548","last_page":"559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anechoic-chamber","display_name":"Anechoic chamber","score":0.9323623776435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.7279151678085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.7178292870521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6805638074874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.6025497317314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5777992010116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5456191301345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5104430913925171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millimeter","display_name":"Millimeter","score":0.5098699331283569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.49738624691963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.49149858951568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4207906424999237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.41682353615760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.37049180269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31124794483184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10269248485565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07044020295143127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149712133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332774","display_name":"Anechoic chamber","level":2,"score":0.9323623776435852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.7279151678085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.7178292870521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6805638074874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.6025497317314148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5777992010116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5456191301345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5104430913925171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109792285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174789","display_name":"Millimeter","level":2,"score":0.5098699331283569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.49738624691963196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.49149858951568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4207906424999237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.41682353615760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.37049180269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31124794483184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10269248485565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07044020295143127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.2000484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.2000484","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/acba2409-3053-4a20-9719-a0d4f8cd98db","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/acba2409-3053-4a20-9719-a0d4f8cd98db","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/398657126/revised_manuscriptr.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fan, W, Hentil\u00e4, L & Ky\u00f6sti, P 2021, 'Spatial Fading Channel Emulation for Over-the-air Testing of mmWave Radios: Concepts and Experimental Validations', Journal of Zhejiang University: Science C, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 548\u2013559. https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2000484","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe202301132801","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe202301132801","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400284","display_name":"University of Oulu Repository (University of Oulu)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","host_organization_name":"University of Oulu","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/acba2409-3053-4a20-9719-a0d4f8cd98db","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/acba2409-3053-4a20-9719-a0d4f8cd98db","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/398657126/revised_manuscriptr.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fan, W, Hentil\u00e4, L & Ky\u00f6sti, P 2021, 'Spatial Fading Channel Emulation for Over-the-air Testing of mmWave Radios: Concepts and Experimental Validations', Journal of Zhejiang University: Science C, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 548\u2013559. https://doi.org/10.1631/FITEE.2000484","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157234758.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157234758.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996111507","https://openalex.org/W2038146574","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2122732858","https://openalex.org/W2154452987","https://openalex.org/W2287720001","https://openalex.org/W2314855351","https://openalex.org/W2411934037","https://openalex.org/W2414033543","https://openalex.org/W2414913839","https://openalex.org/W2605344455","https://openalex.org/W2620863765","https://openalex.org/W2726872080","https://openalex.org/W2785280599","https://openalex.org/W2798895002","https://openalex.org/W2883697023","https://openalex.org/W2887306563","https://openalex.org/W2924071423","https://openalex.org/W2944029523","https://openalex.org/W2966593564","https://openalex.org/W2979034662","https://openalex.org/W2991482202","https://openalex.org/W3042483630","https://openalex.org/W3043398195","https://openalex.org/W3108782200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167397126","https://openalex.org/W1754992167","https://openalex.org/W2317169686","https://openalex.org/W1185324648","https://openalex.org/W2539553997","https://openalex.org/W3159902002","https://openalex.org/W3208155863","https://openalex.org/W2363237216","https://openalex.org/W2033762247","https://openalex.org/W2530392398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter-wave":[0],"(mmWave)":[1],"communication":[2],"is":[3,45,71],"regarded":[4],"as":[5],"the":[6,17,36,50,54,93,151],"key":[7,51],"enabling":[8],"component":[9],"for":[10,95,128,150],"fifth-generation":[11],"(5G)":[12],"cellular":[13],"systems":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,52],"large":[18],"available":[19],"spectrum":[20],"bandwidth.":[21],"To":[22],"make":[23],"mmWave":[24,43,57,66,81,102,129],"new":[25],"radio":[26],"(NR)":[27],"a":[28,46,142],"reality,":[29],"tremendous":[30],"efforts":[31],"have":[32],"been":[33],"exerted":[34],"from":[35],"industry":[37],"and":[38,49,96,118,131,154],"academia.":[39],"Performance":[40],"evaluation":[41],"of":[42,56,64,80,101],"NR":[44,67,104],"mandatory":[47],"step":[48],"ensuring":[53],"success":[55],"5G":[58,103],"deployment.":[59],"Over-the-air":[60],"(OTA)":[61],"radiated":[62],"method":[63],"testing":[65,79],"in":[68,83,98,141],"laboratory":[69],"conditions":[70],"highly":[72],"attractive,":[73],"since":[74],"it":[75],"facilitates":[76],"virtual":[77],"field":[78],"devices":[82],"realistic":[84],"propagation":[85],"conditions.":[86,108],"In":[87],"this":[88],"paper,":[89],"we":[90],"first":[91],"discuss":[92],"need":[94],"challenges":[97,133],"OTA":[99],"measurement":[100],"under":[105],"fading":[106],"channel":[107],"After":[109],"that,":[110],"two":[111],"promising":[112],"candidate":[113],"solutions,":[114],"i.e.,":[115],"wireless":[116,152],"cable":[117,153],"multi-probe":[119],"anechoic":[120,146],"chamber":[121,147],"(MPAC),":[122],"are":[123,134,148],"detailed.":[124],"Their":[125],"principles,":[126],"applicability":[127],"NR,":[130],"main":[132],"discussed.":[135],"Furthermore,":[136],"preliminary":[137],"experimental":[138],"validation":[139],"results":[140],"frequency":[143],"range":[144],"2":[145],"demonstrated":[149],"MPAC":[155],"methods":[156],"at":[157],"28":[158],"GHz.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}