{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902510158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1800494","title":"Moving from exascale to zettascale computing: challenges and techniques","display_name":"Moving from exascale to zettascale computing: challenges and techniques","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902510158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1800494","mag":"2902510158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.1800494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1800494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000688713","display_name":"Xiangke Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6125-3330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang-ke Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625357","display_name":"Kai Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-7897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-7897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101044975","display_name":"Canqun Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Can-qun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000076515","display_name":"Jinwen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5125-2350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin-wen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334733","display_name":"Yuan Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-6514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076063342","display_name":"Mingche Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5830-3974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-che Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044840341","display_name":"Libo Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7878-3998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-bo Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067259892","display_name":"Pingjing Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping-jing Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083171604","display_name":"Jianbin Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3542-4869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-bin Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101456489","display_name":"Jing Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6084-5660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101642102","display_name":"Jie Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-7029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3637,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9808491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"10","first_page":"1236","last_page":"1244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exascale-computing","display_name":"Exascale computing","score":0.8548202514648438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7268272042274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.6902125477790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5603377223014832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.47388404607772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.4738391041755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.33175942301750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23753619194030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.19850608706474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09618586301803589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.07877752184867859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778837361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2450880","display_name":"Exascale computing","level":3,"score":0.8548202514648438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7268272042274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.6902125477790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5603377223014832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.47388404607772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4738391041755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33175942301750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23753619194030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.19850608706474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09618586301803589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.07877752184867859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.1800494","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1800494","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1476683968","https://openalex.org/W1965784419","https://openalex.org/W1981220134","https://openalex.org/W1983096721","https://openalex.org/W1984579986","https://openalex.org/W1990945477","https://openalex.org/W2026418326","https://openalex.org/W2045886945","https://openalex.org/W2047569150","https://openalex.org/W2061461907","https://openalex.org/W2073773982","https://openalex.org/W2089536264","https://openalex.org/W2122078011","https://openalex.org/W2157964406","https://openalex.org/W2159161022","https://openalex.org/W2254450385","https://openalex.org/W2319987691","https://openalex.org/W2495853989","https://openalex.org/W2565270815","https://openalex.org/W2749485341","https://openalex.org/W2755920271","https://openalex.org/W2784409032","https://openalex.org/W2884606811","https://openalex.org/W3124010868","https://openalex.org/W3125984961","https://openalex.org/W3143190709","https://openalex.org/W4233509008","https://openalex.org/W4292169167","https://openalex.org/W6606540153","https://openalex.org/W6640245832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246320876","https://openalex.org/W4318068934","https://openalex.org/W2290952066","https://openalex.org/W2056528600","https://openalex.org/W3128098196","https://openalex.org/W4320480730","https://openalex.org/W4297752063","https://openalex.org/W2572977084","https://openalex.org/W1989530240","https://openalex.org/W2346596560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-performance":[0],"computing":[1,29,44,80,109],"(HPC)":[2],"is":[3,25],"essential":[4],"for":[5],"both":[6,84],"traditional":[7],"and":[8,86,98],"emerging":[9],"scientific":[10,13],"fields,":[11],"enabling":[12,78],"activities":[14],"to":[15,53,65,83,101],"make":[16],"progress.":[17],"With":[18],"the":[19,56,75,111],"development":[20],"of":[21,77,93,107],"high-performance":[22,43],"computing,":[23],"it":[24],"foreseeable":[26],"that":[27],"exascale":[28,52],"will":[30,45],"be":[31],"put":[32],"into":[33],"practice":[34],"around":[35],"2020.":[36],"As":[37],"Moore\u2019s":[38],"law":[39],"approaches":[40],"its":[41],"limit,":[42],"face":[46],"severe":[47],"challenges":[48,76],"when":[49],"moving":[50],"from":[51],"zettascale,":[54],"making":[55],"next":[57],"10":[58],"years":[59],"after":[60],"2020":[61],"a":[62,91],"vital":[63],"period":[64],"develop":[66],"key":[67],"HPC":[68,95],"techniques.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"study,":[72],"we":[73],"discuss":[74],"zettascale":[79,108],"with":[81],"respect":[82],"hardware":[85],"software.":[87],"We":[88],"then":[89],"present":[90],"perspective":[92],"future":[94],"technology":[96],"evolution":[97],"revolution,":[99],"leading":[100],"our":[102],"main":[103],"recommendations":[104],"in":[105,110],"support":[106],"coming":[112],"future.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}