{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2984659417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1800119","title":"Low powered blockchain consensus protocols based on consistent hash","display_name":"Low powered blockchain consensus protocols based on consistent hash","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2984659417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1800119","mag":"2984659417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.1800119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1800119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101757511","display_name":"Lei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4316-1763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4316-1763","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100750792","display_name":"Xiaofang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7862-5122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-fang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101952382","display_name":"Yan Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6338-8514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062665223","display_name":"Hengyi Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7147-5666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng-yi Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101884371","display_name":"Bo Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5953-6721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102755507","display_name":"Bin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4111-2688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6897,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92619705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"10","first_page":"1361","last_page":"1377"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8613045811653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6687833070755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.6086710691452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5529402494430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus-algorithm","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","score":0.5521409511566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credibility","display_name":"Credibility","score":0.550240159034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus","display_name":"Consensus","score":0.49931836128234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.46535760164260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.11291444301605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08517411351203918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.0793500542640686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8613045811653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6687833070755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.6086710691452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5529402494430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983222225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5521409511566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.550240159034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107107730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus","level":3,"score":0.49931836128234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46535760164260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.11291444301605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08517411351203918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0793500542640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.1800119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1800119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5963489573","display_name":"\u4e91\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u7684QoS\u4fdd\u969c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672499","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6948100490","display_name":"\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u94fe\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u94fe\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61772502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7965896724","display_name":"\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u53ca\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972382","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1553435762","https://openalex.org/W1601379374","https://openalex.org/W2009125170","https://openalex.org/W2020765652","https://openalex.org/W2059875792","https://openalex.org/W2078697407","https://openalex.org/W2116643105","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2163498454","https://openalex.org/W2183126124","https://openalex.org/W2330454940","https://openalex.org/W2362644888","https://openalex.org/W2567666263","https://openalex.org/W2617729518","https://openalex.org/W2771087690","https://openalex.org/W2773963146","https://openalex.org/W2798816176","https://openalex.org/W3103085478","https://openalex.org/W3137092842","https://openalex.org/W4238421265","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6630973029","https://openalex.org/W6678832241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3098545956","https://openalex.org/W1940417675","https://openalex.org/W2106670435","https://openalex.org/W2246375794","https://openalex.org/W1978666881","https://openalex.org/W4394651929","https://openalex.org/W3201708707","https://openalex.org/W2034250407","https://openalex.org/W2167425623","https://openalex.org/W2916913908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"blockchain":[1,29,72,161],"consensus":[2,30,76],"protocols":[3],"have":[4,82,154],"a":[5,24,38,120,136,146],"triangle":[6],"of":[7,11,26,123,170,178,190],"contradictions":[8],"in":[9,114],"aspects":[10],"decentralization,":[12],"security,":[13],"and":[14,17,34,65,103,134,143,176,187,192,194],"energy":[15,188],"consumption,":[16],"cannot":[18],"be":[19],"synchronously":[20],"optimized.":[21],"We":[22,130],"describe":[23],"design":[25],"two":[27],"new":[28,63,92],"protocols,":[31],"called":[32],"\u201cCHB-consensus\u201d":[33],"\u201cCHBD-consensus,\u201d":[35],"based":[36,106],"on":[37,107,174],"consistent":[39],"hash":[40],"algorithm.":[41],"Honest":[42],"miners":[43,81],"can":[44,68],"fairly":[45],"gain":[46],"the":[47,70,91,108,168,179,185],"opportunity":[48],"to":[49,74,83],"create":[50],"blocks.":[51],"They":[52],"do":[53],"not":[54,153],"consume":[55],"any":[56],"extra":[57],"computational":[58,86],"power":[59,87,124],"resources":[60,88],"when":[61],"creating":[62],"blocks,":[64],"such":[66],"blocks":[67],"obtain":[69],"whole":[71],"network":[73],"confirm":[75],"with":[77],"fairness.":[78],"However,":[79],"malicious":[80],"pay":[84],"massive":[85],"for":[89],"attacking":[90],"block":[93],"creation":[94],"privilege":[95],"or":[96,128,157,163],"double-spending.":[97],"Blockchain":[98],"networks":[99,162],"formed":[100],"by":[101],"CHB-consensus":[102,142,191],"CHBD-consensus":[104,144],"are":[105],"same":[109],"security":[110],"assumption":[111],"as":[112],"that":[113],"Bitcoin":[115],"systems,":[116],"so":[117],"they":[118],"save":[119],"huge":[121],"amount":[122],"without":[125],"sacrificing":[126],"decentralization":[127],"security.":[129],"analyze":[131,184],"possible":[132],"attacks":[133],"give":[135],"rigorous":[137],"but":[138,166],"adjustable":[139],"validation":[140],"strategy.":[141],"introduce":[145],"certification":[147],"authority":[148],"(CA)":[149],"system,":[150],"which":[151],"does":[152],"special":[155],"management":[156],"control":[158],"rights":[159],"over":[160],"data":[164],"structures,":[165],"carries":[167],"risk":[169],"privacy":[171],"breaches":[172],"depending":[173],"credibility":[175],"reliability":[177],"CA":[180],"system.":[181],"Here,":[182],"we":[183],"robustness":[186],"consumption":[189],"CHBD-consensus,":[193],"demonstrate":[195],"their":[196],"advantages":[197],"through":[198],"theoretical":[199],"derivation.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}