{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2895692104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1700746","title":"An underwater acoustic direct sequence spread spectrum communication system using dual spread spectrum code","display_name":"An underwater acoustic direct sequence spread spectrum communication system using dual spread spectrum code","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2895692104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1700746","mag":"2895692104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.1700746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1700746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology &amp; Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034427469","display_name":"Lanjun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7650-9098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lan-jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7650-9098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101696182","display_name":"Jianfen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-2050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-fen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070900410","display_name":"Lin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2700-834X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110639616","display_name":"Peng Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0809-0111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012695108","display_name":"Hao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5079-3887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081749291","display_name":"Jiucai Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4425-5297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114556","display_name":"First Institute of Oceanography","ror":"https://ror.org/01y34t753","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I211433327","https://openalex.org/I4210114556","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiu-cai Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108670727","display_name":"Zhichao Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-chao Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034427469"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2208,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79237566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"8","first_page":"972","last_page":"983"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-sequence-spread-spectrum","display_name":"Direct-sequence spread spectrum","score":0.7559448480606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.7267813682556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6615433096885681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.6019948720932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-synchronization","display_name":"Frame synchronization","score":0.5280571579933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.5203747153282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-code","display_name":"Gold code","score":0.4917652904987335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4907902181148529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.48965245485305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudorandom-noise","display_name":"Pseudorandom noise","score":0.47376611828804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.4557274878025055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.437336266040802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.42508238554000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4249367117881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.3929811418056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3671477437019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3615831136703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.3372838795185089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26675981283187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1417698860168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08756378293037415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194491627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334354","display_name":"Direct-sequence spread spectrum","level":4,"score":0.7559448480606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.7267813682556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6615433096885681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.6019948720932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178317062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477933","display_name":"Frame synchronization","level":4,"score":0.5280571579933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5203747153282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3716999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2635984","display_name":"Gold code","level":4,"score":0.4917652904987335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4907902181148529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.48965245485305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151881341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910571","display_name":"Pseudorandom noise","level":4,"score":0.47376611828804016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.4557274878025055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.437336266040802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.42508238554000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4249367117881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.3929811418056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3671477437019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3615831136703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.3372838795185089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26675981283187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1417698860168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08756378293037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.1700746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1700746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology &amp; Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2819354775","display_name":"\u6c34\u4e0b\u52a8\u6001\u591a\u8282\u70b9\u81ea\u52a8\u63a5\u5165\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7f51\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61431005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4547442301","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61401111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G590830700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51409235","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522702851","https://openalex.org/W1527529681","https://openalex.org/W1550100002","https://openalex.org/W1972773954","https://openalex.org/W1978939857","https://openalex.org/W1993595215","https://openalex.org/W1997963337","https://openalex.org/W2021988620","https://openalex.org/W2037714836","https://openalex.org/W2044598580","https://openalex.org/W2049130959","https://openalex.org/W2052078072","https://openalex.org/W2053304293","https://openalex.org/W2088153718","https://openalex.org/W2096295412","https://openalex.org/W2101137438","https://openalex.org/W2113619583","https://openalex.org/W2114881338","https://openalex.org/W2125322593","https://openalex.org/W2140441437","https://openalex.org/W2143479121","https://openalex.org/W2151325528","https://openalex.org/W2170984917","https://openalex.org/W2217518149","https://openalex.org/W2364126689","https://openalex.org/W2371190376","https://openalex.org/W2387886793","https://openalex.org/W2529121157","https://openalex.org/W2552487477","https://openalex.org/W2576834869","https://openalex.org/W2782247721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170234906","https://openalex.org/W2894446840","https://openalex.org/W4206000784","https://openalex.org/W1898162312","https://openalex.org/W2905166300","https://openalex.org/W2134823206","https://openalex.org/W2351611298","https://openalex.org/W2388577945","https://openalex.org/W2358386710","https://openalex.org/W2917746441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,42,45,50,80,107,147,157,167,175,186,192],"goal":[2],"of":[3,52,139,194],"achieving":[4],"high":[5,181],"stability":[6],"and":[7,14,49,57,91,95,120,154,185],"reliability":[8],"to":[9,105],"support":[10],"underwater":[11,21,29,130],"point-to-point":[12],"communications":[13],"code":[15,37,69,76,102],"division":[16],"multiple":[17],"access":[18],"(CDMA)":[19],"based":[20,28,64,196],"networks,":[22],"a":[23,60,121,136,150],"direct":[24],"sequence":[25],"spread":[26,35,67,74,100,140],"spectrum":[27,36,68,75,101,141],"acoustic":[30],"communication":[31],"system":[32,148,187],"using":[33],"dual":[34,66],"is":[38,70,77,103,115,124,134,170],"proposed.":[39],"To":[40],"solve":[41],"contradictions":[43],"between":[44],"information":[46,109],"data":[47,61,88,176],"rate":[48,160,177],"accuracy":[51],"Doppler":[53,93,118],"estimation,":[54,56,94,119],"channel":[55,96,127],"frame":[58,62,89],"synchronization,":[59,92],"structure":[63],"on":[65],"designed.":[71],"A":[72,98,111],"long":[73],"used":[78,86,104,116,125,190],"as":[79,180,182],"training":[81],"sequence,":[82],"which":[83],"can":[84,161,178,188],"be":[85,162,179,189],"for":[87,117,126],"detection":[90],"estimation.":[97,128],"short":[99],"modulate":[106],"effective":[108],"data.":[110],"delay":[112],"cross-correlation":[113],"algorithm":[114,123],"correlation":[122],"For":[129],"networking,":[131],"each":[132],"user":[133],"assigned":[135],"different":[137],"pair":[138],"codes.":[142],"Simulation":[143],"results":[144],"show":[145],"that":[146],"has":[149],"good":[151],"anti-multipath,":[152],"anti-interference,":[153],"anti-Doppler":[155],"performance,":[156],"bit":[158],"error":[159],"smaller":[163],"than":[164,172],"10\u22126":[165],"when":[166],"signal-to-noise":[168],"ratio":[169],"larger":[171],"\u221210":[173],"dB,":[174],"355":[183],"bits/s,":[184],"in":[191],"downlink":[193],"CDMA":[195],"networks.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
