{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2585365755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1601859","title":"Crowd intelligence in AI 2.0 era","display_name":"Crowd intelligence in AI 2.0 era","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2585365755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1601859","mag":"2585365755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.1601859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1601859","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1631%2FFITEE.1601859.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology &amp; Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1631%2FFITEE.1601859.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318387","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1837-4759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Software Development, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101974123","display_name":"Wenjun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-5700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-jun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Software Development, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Software Development, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101522100","display_name":"Huaimin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3245-1901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huai-min Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing, College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing, College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029998682","display_name":"Xueqi Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5201-8195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue-qi Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101783483","display_name":"Hua\u2010Jun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-8709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua-jun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100621138","display_name":"Zhi\u2010Hua Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0746-1494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-hua Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088951316","display_name":"Rong Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100318387"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.066,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":113,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98925081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.8313875794410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.8166277408599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-intelligence","display_name":"Human intelligence","score":0.691970944404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6126598119735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.6054532527923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowd-psychology","display_name":"Crowd psychology","score":0.588860034942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-intelligence","display_name":"Collective intelligence","score":0.4793694317340851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligence-cycle","display_name":"Intelligence cycle","score":0.4698342978954315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.46721068024635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing-and-artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Marketing and artificial intelligence","score":0.4361705183982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-intelligence","display_name":"Computational intelligence","score":0.4279898703098297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41704261302948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-intelligence","display_name":"Web intelligence","score":0.41665107011795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-intelligence","display_name":"Military intelligence","score":0.2595944404602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22655126452445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1802874207496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-decision-support-system","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","score":0.15452829003334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.08401608467102051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.8313875794410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.8166277408599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937824","display_name":"Human intelligence","level":2,"score":0.691970944404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6126598119735718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.6054532527923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44042526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355183","display_name":"Crowd psychology","level":2,"score":0.588860034942627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89057211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432197","display_name":"Collective intelligence","level":2,"score":0.4793694317340851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40046163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3268831","display_name":"Intelligence cycle","level":3,"score":0.4698342978954315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.46721068024635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44464901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6770893","display_name":"Marketing and artificial intelligence","level":3,"score":0.4361705183982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.4279898703098297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41704261302948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544335954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2553348","display_name":"Web intelligence","level":4,"score":0.41665107011795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49504249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4168000","display_name":"Military intelligence","level":2,"score":0.2595944404602051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22655126452445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1802874207496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56397880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044094","display_name":"Intelligent decision support system","level":2,"score":0.15452829003334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.08401608467102051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79373723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386275","display_name":"Web development","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.1601859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1601859","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1631%2FFITEE.1601859.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology &amp; Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.1601859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1601859","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1631%2FFITEE.1601859.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology &amp; Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6746171846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61532004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2585365755.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2585365755.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":172,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9014458","https://openalex.org/W83303476","https://openalex.org/W129083902","https://openalex.org/W138005451","https://openalex.org/W344363268","https://openalex.org/W617847726","https://openalex.org/W826792520","https://openalex.org/W1497882404","https://openalex.org/W1521736627","https://openalex.org/W1532110328","https://openalex.org/W1550388017","https://openalex.org/W1556057683","https://openalex.org/W1568607842","https://openalex.org/W1570705485","https://openalex.org/W1577677572","https://openalex.org/W1587988690","https://openalex.org/W1592081868","https://openalex.org/W1594352841","https://openalex.org/W1800036657","https://openalex.org/W1839367233","https://openalex.org/W1846955904","https://openalex.org/W1858303725","https://openalex.org/W1967647772","https://openalex.org/W1970756365","https://openalex.org/W1979990434","https://openalex.org/W1981271237","https://openalex.org/W1982335236","https://openalex.org/W1982856917","https://openalex.org/W1984037205","https://openalex.org/W1984080818","https://openalex.org/W1990513740","https://openalex.org/W1993527211","https://openalex.org/W1993685897","https://openalex.org/W1995374568","https://openalex.org/W1998900885","https://openalex.org/W2010135967","https://openalex.org/W2010780779","https://openalex.org/W2012638909","https://openalex.org/W2015007620","https://openalex.org/W2022710553","https://openalex.org/W2029396991","https://openalex.org/W2031535482","https://openalex.org/W2033157333","https://openalex.org/W2033418259","https://openalex.org/W2037997493","https://openalex.org/W2040915209","https://openalex.org/W2041361017","https://openalex.org/W2044158541","https://openalex.org/W2044679885","https://openalex.org/W2045530509","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2054198063","https://openalex.org/W2054874622","https://openalex.org/W2055633552","https://openalex.org/W2057245786","https://openalex.org/W2058179030","https://openalex.org/W2062146823","https://openalex.org/W2066840620","https://openalex.org/W2068181924","https://openalex.org/W2072672070","https://openalex.org/W2076279155","https://openalex.org/W2076742192","https://openalex.org/W2085154695","https://openalex.org/W2088940490","https://openalex.org/W2089838497","https://openalex.org/W2090094826","https://openalex.org/W2091490281","https://openalex.org/W2099769844","https://openalex.org/W2100945416","https://openalex.org/W2104759087","https://openalex.org/W2104887187","https://openalex.org/W2105385568","https://openalex.org/W2107294940","https://openalex.org/W2107643286","https://openalex.org/W2108777707","https://openalex.org/W2109557871","https://openalex.org/W2112193291","https://openalex.org/W2119830539","https://openalex.org/W2120244029","https://openalex.org/W2121117737","https://openalex.org/W2121866145","https://openalex.org/W2124499489","https://openalex.org/W2125146799","https://openalex.org/W2125635328","https://openalex.org/W2127347346","https://openalex.org/W2129345386","https://openalex.org/W2132887549","https://openalex.org/W2134305421","https://openalex.org/W2138781105","https://openalex.org/W2139092060","https://openalex.org/W2140890285","https://openalex.org/W2142518823","https://openalex.org/W2144160189","https://openalex.org/W2145574830","https://openalex.org/W2146928171","https://openalex.org/W2149231960","https://openalex.org/W2149273804","https://openalex.org/W2152009989","https://openalex.org/W2158744032","https://openalex.org/W2160528879","https://openalex.org/W2163051926","https://openalex.org/W2166838101","https://openalex.org/W2167117640","https://openalex.org/W2168248828","https://openalex.org/W2168396085","https://openalex.org/W2170989440","https://openalex.org/W2171468534","https://openalex.org/W2181558882","https://openalex.org/W2187444452","https://openalex.org/W2210284195","https://openalex.org/W2239411052","https://openalex.org/W2243633279","https://openalex.org/W2251214202","https://openalex.org/W2253276617","https://openalex.org/W2256112857","https://openalex.org/W2278614270","https://openalex.org/W2284509824","https://openalex.org/W2288177242","https://openalex.org/W2294591530","https://openalex.org/W2295054684","https://openalex.org/W2316964395","https://openalex.org/W2329105431","https://openalex.org/W2335974056","https://openalex.org/W2359496781","https://openalex.org/W2398690976","https://openalex.org/W2402489522","https://openalex.org/W2430704425","https://openalex.org/W2467989257","https://openalex.org/W2473515811","https://openalex.org/W2499134242","https://openalex.org/W2525830997","https://openalex.org/W2544586360","https://openalex.org/W2553923866","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2570220393","https://openalex.org/W2578209164","https://openalex.org/W2596585349","https://openalex.org/W2597289420","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2728944333","https://openalex.org/W2949312134","https://openalex.org/W2949909529","https://openalex.org/W3013276962","https://openalex.org/W3022734214","https://openalex.org/W4206600618","https://openalex.org/W4211096099","https://openalex.org/W4211214670","https://openalex.org/W4230939871","https://openalex.org/W4232685510","https://openalex.org/W4233189665","https://openalex.org/W4249055831","https://openalex.org/W4252547384","https://openalex.org/W4253271685","https://openalex.org/W4293877626","https://openalex.org/W4296394699","https://openalex.org/W6600165366","https://openalex.org/W6600195515","https://openalex.org/W6600238479","https://openalex.org/W6602452458","https://openalex.org/W6603353687","https://openalex.org/W6605894709","https://openalex.org/W6607567237","https://openalex.org/W6607999579","https://openalex.org/W6608099265","https://openalex.org/W6647975832","https://openalex.org/W6659115494","https://openalex.org/W6679158198","https://openalex.org/W6684687462","https://openalex.org/W6686975137","https://openalex.org/W6697072043","https://openalex.org/W6732063753","https://openalex.org/W6817014290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521984807","https://openalex.org/W2364939041","https://openalex.org/W2068123219","https://openalex.org/W2110799530","https://openalex.org/W3015830631","https://openalex.org/W186584664","https://openalex.org/W3133768747","https://openalex.org/W2161045183","https://openalex.org/W4229880053","https://openalex.org/W2201906650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"based":[2],"cyber-physical":[3],"world":[4],"has":[5,50,101],"profoundly":[6],"changed":[7],"the":[8,12,29,38,70,81,85,137,147,173],"information":[9],"environment":[10],"for":[11],"development":[13,83],"of":[14,22,32,37,42,72,84,108,131,139,161,176,186],"artificial":[15],"intelligence":[16,49,62,71,89,164],"(AI),":[17],"bringing":[18],"a":[19,64,93],"new":[20,30,94],"wave":[21],"AI":[23,33,45],"research":[24,43,58,170,184],"and":[25,57,121,142,153,172],"promoting":[26],"it":[27],"into":[28,105],"era":[31],"2.0.":[34],"As":[35],"one":[36],"most":[39],"prominent":[40],"characteristics":[41],"in":[44,111],"2.0":[46],"era,":[47],"crowd":[48,61,88,132,140,163,177,187],"attracted":[51],"much":[52],"attention":[53],"from":[54],"both":[55],"industry":[56],"communities.":[59],"Specifically,":[60],"provides":[63],"novel":[65],"problem-solving":[66],"paradigm":[67],"through":[68],"gathering":[69],"crowds":[73],"to":[74,80,96,146],"address":[75],"challenges.":[76],"In":[77,124],"particular,":[78],"due":[79],"rapid":[82],"sharing":[86],"economy,":[87],"not":[90],"only":[91],"becomes":[92],"approach":[95],"solving":[97],"scientific":[98],"challenges,":[99],"but":[100],"also":[102],"been":[103],"integrated":[104],"all":[106],"kinds":[107],"application":[109],"scenarios":[110],"daily":[112],"life,":[113],"e.g.,":[114,151],"online-to-offline":[115],"(O2O)":[116],"application,":[117],"real-time":[118],"traffic":[119],"monitoring,":[120],"logistics":[122],"management.":[123],"this":[125],"paper,":[126],"we":[127,135,157,180],"survey":[128],"existing":[129,148],"studies":[130],"intelligence.":[133,178,188],"First,":[134],"describe":[136],"concept":[138],"intelligence,":[141],"explain":[143],"its":[144],"relationship":[145],"related":[149],"concepts,":[150],"crowdsourcing":[152],"human":[154],"computation.":[155],"Then,":[156],"introduce":[158],"four":[159],"categories":[160],"representative":[162],"platforms.":[165],"We":[166],"summarize":[167],"three":[168],"core":[169],"problems":[171],"state-of-the-art":[174],"techniques":[175],"Finally,":[179],"discuss":[181],"promising":[182],"future":[183],"directions":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
