{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2418384017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1500467","title":"Carbon emission impact on the operation of virtual power plant with combined heat and power system","display_name":"Carbon emission impact on the operation of virtual power plant with combined heat and power system","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2418384017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1500467","mag":"2418384017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.1500467","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1500467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064947942","display_name":"Yuhang Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4586-4537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu-hang Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100761526","display_name":"Junyong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3799-3673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24201400","display_name":"Chengdu University of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yxwrh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24201400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-yong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Information, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24201400","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029908492","display_name":"Zhengwen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2426-242X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59433898","display_name":"Brunel University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn4t376","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng-wen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brunel Institute of Power Systems, Brunel University, London, UB8 3PH, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brunel Institute of Power Systems, Brunel University, London, UB8 3PH, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59433898"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437160","display_name":"Xu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6557-6607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086825","display_name":"Guangzhou Education Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/00479t136","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086825"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau, Guangzhou, 510000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau, Guangzhou, 510000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064947942"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I24201400"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5513,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70196418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"479","last_page":"488"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-power-plant","display_name":"Virtual power plant","score":0.757611870765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boiler","display_name":"Boiler (water heating)","score":0.6331220865249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.617068350315094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5879253149032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power","display_name":"Electric power","score":0.5647612810134888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.542577862739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-station","display_name":"Power station","score":0.5219290256500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5050423741340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cogeneration","display_name":"Cogeneration","score":0.49112531542778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.4889124929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3914393484592438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.35614636540412903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.30199891328811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2958082854747772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.21194913983345032}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776033628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785102","display_name":"Virtual power plant","level":4,"score":0.757611870765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780013297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19596153","display_name":"Boiler (water heating)","level":2,"score":0.6331220865249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.617068350315094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5879253149032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.5647612810134888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.542577862739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4311470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159719","display_name":"Power station","level":2,"score":0.5219290256500244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5050423741340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776756539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221620","display_name":"Cogeneration","level":4,"score":0.49112531542778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.4889124929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3914393484592438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.35614636540412903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30199891328811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2958082854747772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.21194913983345032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1631/fitee.1500467","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1631/fitee.1500467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189857","display_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","issn_l":"2095-9184","issn":["2095-9184","2095-9230"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W108324338","https://openalex.org/W1550500320","https://openalex.org/W1623761495","https://openalex.org/W1978072802","https://openalex.org/W1980979781","https://openalex.org/W2000183434","https://openalex.org/W2018504557","https://openalex.org/W2019337727","https://openalex.org/W2023032643","https://openalex.org/W2078733041","https://openalex.org/W2082079437","https://openalex.org/W2106030832","https://openalex.org/W2113076747","https://openalex.org/W2120885393","https://openalex.org/W2130179362","https://openalex.org/W2133813085","https://openalex.org/W2140281103","https://openalex.org/W2140965658","https://openalex.org/W2162142257","https://openalex.org/W2163183954","https://openalex.org/W2163297206","https://openalex.org/W2163940180","https://openalex.org/W2345023504","https://openalex.org/W4245622424","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150748417","https://openalex.org/W2981338881","https://openalex.org/W2007208597","https://openalex.org/W2546709070","https://openalex.org/W2042050584","https://openalex.org/W2462816660","https://openalex.org/W2041646138","https://openalex.org/W1189470689","https://openalex.org/W3169637305","https://openalex.org/W129368496"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"virtual":[1],"power":[2,24,65,87,108,135,187],"plant":[3],"(VPP)":[4],"can":[5,94,228],"realize":[6,85],"the":[7,23,27,31,42,47,54,78,98,120,126,131,144,152,155,159,162,170,174,193,212,222,230,242],"aggregation":[8],"of":[9,26,33,39,44,49,56,63,80,100,130,146,151,189,214,224,233],"distributed":[10,18],"generation":[11,19],"in":[12,22,46,125,178,192],"a":[13,104,117,137,181],"certain":[14],"region,":[15],"and":[16,35,58,66,107,134,154,161,180,221],"represent":[17],"to":[20,69,84],"participate":[21],"market":[25],"main":[28,163],"grid.":[29,164],"With":[30],"expansion":[32],"VPPs":[34,57],"ever-growing":[36],"heat":[37,67,101,106,133],"demand":[38],"consumers,":[40],"managing":[41],"effect":[43],"fluctuations":[45],"amount":[48],"available":[50],"renewable":[51,234],"resources":[52],"on":[53],"operation":[55,128,150],"maintaining":[59],"an":[60,81,225],"economical":[61],"supply":[62],"electric":[64,82,121,226],"energy":[68],"users":[70],"have":[71],"been":[72],"important":[73],"issues.":[74],"This":[75],"paper":[76],"proposes":[77],"allocation":[79,223],"boiler":[83,122,227],"wind":[86],"directly":[88],"converted":[89],"for":[90],"supplying":[91],"heat,":[92],"which":[93,142,236],"not":[95],"only":[96],"overcome":[97],"limitation":[99],"output":[102,188,213],"from":[103,116,241],"combined":[105,132],"(CHP)":[109],"unit,":[110],"but":[111],"also":[112,237],"reduce":[113],"carbon":[114,147,206,216,239],"emissions":[115,240],"VPP.":[118,243],"After":[119],"is":[123,140,167,184,196,208,218],"considered":[124],"VPP":[127,153,160],"model":[129,139,166],"system,":[136],"multi-objective":[138],"built,":[141],"includes":[143],"costs":[145],"emissions,":[148],"total":[149],"electricity":[156],"traded":[157],"between":[158],"The":[165,186,201],"solved":[168],"by":[169],"CPLEX":[171],"package":[172],"using":[173],"fuzzy":[175],"membership":[176],"function":[177],"Matlab,":[179],"case":[182,194],"study":[183,195],"presented.":[185],"each":[190],"unit":[191],"analyzed":[197],"under":[198],"four":[199],"scenarios.":[200],"results":[202],"show":[203],"that":[204],"after":[205],"emission":[207],"taken":[209],"into":[210],"account,":[211],"low":[215],"units":[217],"significantly":[219],"increased,":[220],"facilitate":[229],"maximum":[231],"absorption":[232],"energy,":[235],"reduces":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}