{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143470480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-026-02971-3","title":"Improved resistance to water erosion and self-healing capacity of earthen-based 3D printed elements using enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP)","display_name":"Improved resistance to water erosion and self-healing capacity of earthen-based 3D printed elements using enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7143470480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-026-02971-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1617/s11527-026-02971-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-026-02971-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-02971-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20715302","display_name":"Materials and Structures","issn_l":"0025-5432","issn":["0025-5432","1359-5997","1871-6873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials and Structures","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-02971-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130754184","display_name":"Omar Rojas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65285256","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa","ror":"https://ror.org/00013q465","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65285256"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Rojas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, Lima, Peru"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, Lima, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65285256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012183611","display_name":"Javier Nakamatsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7721-7716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65285256","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa","ror":"https://ror.org/00013q465","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65285256"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Nakamatsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science Department, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, Lima, Peru"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Department, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, Lima, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65285256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024939946","display_name":"Rafael Aguilar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8175-8950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65285256","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa","ror":"https://ror.org/00013q465","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65285256"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Aguilar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, Lima, Peru"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, Lima, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65285256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084377299","display_name":"Robert \u00d1a\u00f1ez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8866-2196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65285256","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa","ror":"https://ror.org/00013q465","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65285256"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert \u00d1a\u00f1ez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science Department, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, Lima, Peru"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Department, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, Lima, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65285256"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040141113","display_name":"Guido Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-8707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65285256","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa","ror":"https://ror.org/00013q465","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65285256"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guido Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, Lima, Peru"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, Lima, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65285256"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365931","display_name":"Suyeon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1621-1489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65285256","display_name":"Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa","ror":"https://ror.org/00013q465","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65285256"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Suyeon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, Lima, Peru"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Per\u00fa, Lima, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65285256"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100365931"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65285256"],"apc_list":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":{"value":3390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3390},"fwci":3.3075,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90086741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12247","display_name":"Microbial Applications in Construction Materials","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12247","display_name":"Microbial Applications in Construction Materials","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11278","display_name":"Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/durability","display_name":"Durability","score":0.7706999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printed","display_name":"3d printed","score":0.6302000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbonate","display_name":"Carbonate","score":0.5730999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"Porosity","score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-printing","display_name":"3D printing","score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbonation","display_name":"Carbonation","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cracking","display_name":"Cracking","score":0.4120999872684479}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104304963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5316114","display_name":"Durability","level":2,"score":0.7706999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019308078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3d printed","level":2,"score":0.6302000284194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.588100016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780659211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181699","display_name":"Carbonate","level":2,"score":0.5730999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.45419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120809312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2139722","display_name":"Carbonation","level":2,"score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58396970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212749","display_name":"Cracking","level":2,"score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.40560001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778039128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23767","display_name":"Calcium carbonate","level":2,"score":0.3977999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123552892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005941","display_name":"Calcareous","level":2,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991842281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4663504","display_name":"Water resistance","level":2,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168314062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2550696","display_name":"Absorption of water","level":2,"score":0.3666999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780300285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416365","display_name":"Calcium silicate","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75296557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14524280","display_name":"Husk","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994604693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026","display_name":"Water erosion","level":3,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123157820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026","display_name":"Erosion","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779521917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22327086","display_name":"Urease","level":3,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780957350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372301","display_name":"Abrasive","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1617/s11527-026-02971-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-026-02971-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-02971-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20715302","display_name":"Materials and Structures","issn_l":"0025-5432","issn":["0025-5432","1359-5997","1871-6873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials and Structures","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1617/s11527-026-02971-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-026-02971-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-026-02971-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20715302","display_name":"Materials and Structures","issn_l":"0025-5432","issn":["0025-5432","1359-5997","1871-6873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials and Structures","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143470480.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7143470480.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028654303","https://openalex.org/W2040187599","https://openalex.org/W2074334086","https://openalex.org/W2081175421","https://openalex.org/W2295699099","https://openalex.org/W2469578241","https://openalex.org/W2771835558","https://openalex.org/W2888091521","https://openalex.org/W2901447138","https://openalex.org/W2908466151","https://openalex.org/W2935912987","https://openalex.org/W2949446627","https://openalex.org/W2987681160","https://openalex.org/W3004837098","https://openalex.org/W3027933946","https://openalex.org/W3080328715","https://openalex.org/W3109457889","https://openalex.org/W3118603047","https://openalex.org/W3135588208","https://openalex.org/W3139288884","https://openalex.org/W3155942038","https://openalex.org/W3166078858","https://openalex.org/W4230395741","https://openalex.org/W4232145072","https://openalex.org/W4239431831","https://openalex.org/W4288681096","https://openalex.org/W4388656106","https://openalex.org/W4402242962","https://openalex.org/W4403383488","https://openalex.org/W4405532159","https://openalex.org/W4407397982","https://openalex.org/W4416840955"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Cracking":[1],"in":[2,42,121,142,199],"earth-based":[3],"construction":[4,18],"materials":[5],"poses":[6],"significant":[7],"durability":[8,181],"challenges,":[9],"necessitating":[10],"sustainable":[11,195],"solutions.":[12],"3D":[13,44,183],"printing":[14],"offers":[15,173],"efficient,":[16],"scalable":[17,197],"with":[19,192],"earthen":[20,185],"materials,":[21],"but":[22],"requires":[23],"durable,":[24],"eco-friendly":[25],"matrices.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"explores":[29],"enzymatic-induced":[30],"carbonate":[31,59],"precipitation":[32],"(EICP)":[33],"using":[34],"urease":[35],"to":[36,66,127,154],"improve":[37],"water":[38,80,122],"resistance":[39,81,153],"and":[40,49,69,82,123,136,190,196],"self-healing":[41],"earthen-based":[43],"printed":[45,184],"elements":[46],"containing":[47],"cement":[48],"rice":[50],"husk":[51],"fibers.":[52],"Urease":[53],"catalyzes":[54],"urea":[55],"hydrolysis,":[56],"forming":[57],"calcium":[58],"(":[60],"$${\\text":[61,95,146,162],"{CaCO}}_{3}$$":[62,147,163],"CaCO":[63,148,164],"3":[64,149,165],")":[65],"fill":[67],"pores":[68],"seal":[70],"cracks.":[71],"EICP":[72,172],"was":[73],"applied":[74],"as":[75,83,187],"a":[76,84,140,174,188],"soil":[77],"additive":[78],"for":[79,87,113,178,194],"surface":[85],"treatment":[86],"crack":[88],"repair.":[89],"The":[90,156],"optimized":[91],"formulation":[92,157],"(1":[93],"M":[94],"{CaCl}}_{2}$$":[96],"CaCl":[97],"2":[98],"-urea":[99],"4":[100],"U/L":[101],"urease,":[102],"Mod.":[103],"B1-E4)":[104],"achieved":[105],"25.5%":[106],"less":[107],"mass":[108],"loss":[109],"than":[110],"24.":[111],"7%":[112],"nonenzymatic":[114],"controls":[115],"after":[116],"60":[117],"min":[118],"of":[119,161,182],"immersion":[120],"sealed":[124],"cracks":[125],"up":[126],"0.45":[128],"mm":[129],"wide":[130],"within":[131],"48":[132],"h.":[133],"SEM,":[134],"EDS,":[135],"XRD":[137],"analysis":[138],"confirmed":[139],"reduction":[141],"porosity":[143],"15%":[144],"through":[145],"formation,":[150],"which":[151],"improved":[152],"erosion.":[155],"yielded":[158],"0.75":[159],"g":[160],"per":[166],"reaction":[167],"cycle,":[168],"demonstrating":[169],"efficient":[170],"biocementation.":[171],"low":[175],"carbon":[176],"alternative":[177],"improving":[179],"the":[180],"structures":[186],"pore-filler":[189],"crack-sealer,":[191],"potential":[193],"repairs":[198],"construction.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-03-31T00:00:00"}