{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387117857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1","title":"The effects of nozzle diameter and length on the resulting strand properties for shotcrete 3D printing","display_name":"The effects of nozzle diameter and length on the resulting strand properties for shotcrete 3D printing","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387117857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20715302","display_name":"Materials and Structures","issn_l":"0025-5432","issn":["0025-5432","1359-5997","1871-6873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials and Structures","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052754076","display_name":"Martin David","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5386-4855","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5386-4855"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin David","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Machine Tools and Production Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5386-4855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Machine Tools and Production Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089034190","display_name":"Niklas Freund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-5439","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-5439"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niklas Freund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Building Materials, Concrete Construction and Fire Safety, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2392-5439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Building Materials, Concrete Construction and Fire Safety, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084792933","display_name":"Klaus Dr\u00f6der","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-4384","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-4384"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Dr\u00f6der","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Machine Tools and Production Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-4384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Machine Tools and Production Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081744177","display_name":"Dirk Lowke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8626-918X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8626-918X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Lowke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Building Materials, Concrete Construction and Fire Safety, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8626-918X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Building Materials, Concrete Construction and Fire Safety, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052754076"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"],"apc_list":{"value":3140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3140},"apc_paid":{"value":3140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3140},"fwci":4.4685,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95031914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"8","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10687","display_name":"Innovative concrete reinforcement materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nozzle-diameter","display_name":"nozzle diameter","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nozzle-length","display_name":"nozzle length","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressive-strength","display_name":"compressive strength","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-manufacturing-in-construction","display_name":"additive manufacturing in construction","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wet-mix-shotcrete","display_name":"wet-mix shotcrete","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-parameters","display_name":"process parameters","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56200935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250840","display_name":"Nozzle","level":2,"score":0.8689049482345581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6656790971755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203299862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335568","display_name":"Shotcrete","level":2,"score":0.6578692197799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.564596951007843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500666722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080293","display_name":"Solid mechanics","level":2,"score":0.5284951329231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4945521056652069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.4770733118057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4365427494049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524769229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229367","display_name":"3D printing","level":2,"score":0.42011579871177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.41447848081588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2492319643497467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0887942910194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20715302","display_name":"Materials and Structures","issn_l":"0025-5432","issn":["0025-5432","1359-5997","1871-6873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials and Structures","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3142213/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3142213/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3142213/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3142213/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-023-02246-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20715302","display_name":"Materials and Structures","issn_l":"0025-5432","issn":["0025-5432","1359-5997","1871-6873"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials and Structures","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6200000047683716}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1386007731","display_name":"TRR 277: Additive Fertigung im Bauwesen \u2013 Die Chance f\u00fcr gro\u00dfe Ver\u00e4nderung","funder_award_id":"414265976","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322958","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387117857.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4387117857.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W320403044","https://openalex.org/W2068365075","https://openalex.org/W2503299386","https://openalex.org/W2800610918","https://openalex.org/W2883291436","https://openalex.org/W2885131280","https://openalex.org/W2937283056","https://openalex.org/W2998953382","https://openalex.org/W3012533326","https://openalex.org/W3023973226","https://openalex.org/W3027645905","https://openalex.org/W3040882072","https://openalex.org/W3041299746","https://openalex.org/W3091692223","https://openalex.org/W3092070210","https://openalex.org/W3126511447","https://openalex.org/W4205918946","https://openalex.org/W4214496948","https://openalex.org/W4220882889","https://openalex.org/W4226189060","https://openalex.org/W4251841047","https://openalex.org/W4285161862","https://openalex.org/W4285289402","https://openalex.org/W4307824699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W577548552","https://openalex.org/W2379480957","https://openalex.org/W2500967491","https://openalex.org/W2959321201","https://openalex.org/W641280396","https://openalex.org/W2351096073","https://openalex.org/W2365224271","https://openalex.org/W2904539434","https://openalex.org/W2626673080","https://openalex.org/W3191223386"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Additive":[1],"Manufacturing":[2],"in":[3,84],"Construction":[4],"(AMC)":[5],"enables":[6],"new":[7],"design":[8,27],"methods":[9],"and":[10,49,60,71,78,109,116,135,138,180],"strategies":[11],"within":[12],"the":[13,31,46,52,58,67,92,95,99,122,154,158,165],"construction":[14],"industry.":[15],"In":[16,64],"particular,":[17],"Shotcrete":[18],"3D":[19],"Printing":[20],"(SC3DP)":[21],"offers":[22],"a":[23,41,150,171,174],"high":[24],"degree":[25],"of":[26,33,51,69,94,153],"freedom":[28],"by":[29],"enabling":[30],"deposition":[32],"concrete":[34,72],"at":[35],"variable":[36],"layer":[37,106],"orientation":[38],"based":[39],"on":[40,57,98,157],"wet-mix":[42],"shotcrete":[43],"process.":[44,124],"However,":[45],"mechanical":[47,166],"properties":[48],"geometry":[50,97,161],"printed":[53],"layers":[54],"are":[55],"dependent":[56],"material":[59,79],"process":[61],"parameters":[62,80,120],"used.":[63],"this":[65],"context,":[66],"effects":[68],"air":[70],"flow":[73],"rates,":[74],"path":[75],"planning":[76],"parameters,":[77],"have":[81],"been":[82],"investigated":[83],"previous":[85],"research.":[86],"The":[87,147],"here":[88],"presented":[89],"study":[90],"investigates":[91],"influence":[93,152],"nozzle":[96,114,131,139,155,172],"resulting":[100,159],"strand":[101,104,160],"properties,":[102],"e.g.":[103],"geometry,":[105],"bond":[107],"strength,":[108,111],"compressive":[110],"to":[112,144],"evaluate":[113],"diameter":[115,156,177],"length":[117],"as":[118,162,164],"control":[119],"for":[121,170],"SC3DP":[123],"Experimental":[125],"investigations":[126],"were":[127,178],"performed":[128],"with":[129,173],"fixed":[130],"diameters":[132],"between":[133],"10":[134],"30":[136],"mm":[137],"lengths":[140],"ranging":[141],"from":[142],"100":[143],"200":[145],"mm.":[146],"results":[148],"show":[149],"significant":[151],"well":[163],"properties.":[167],"Finally,":[168],"concepts":[169],"controllable":[175],"outlet":[176],"developed":[179],"evaluated.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
