{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7137946191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i36.40245","title":"Where Norms and References Collide: Evaluating LLMs on Normative Reasoning","display_name":"Where Norms and References Collide: Evaluating LLMs on Normative Reasoning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7137946191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i36.40245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i36.40245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i36.40245","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40245/44206","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40245/44206","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mitchell Abrams","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell Abrams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tufts University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kaveh Eskandari Miandoab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaveh Eskandari Miandoab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tufts University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Felix Gervits","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166416128","display_name":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802705668","display_name":"United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdkx920","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802705668","https://openalex.org/I4210154437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Gervits","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166416128","https://openalex.org/I2802705668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Vasanth Sarathy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasanth Sarathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tufts University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Matthias Scheutz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121934306","display_name":"Tufts University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wvpxv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Scheutz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tufts University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tufts University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121934306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17022792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"36","first_page":"29976","last_page":"29985"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.4388999938964844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.4388999938964844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.14239999651908875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.05909999832510948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normative","display_name":"Normative","score":0.8442999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embodied-cognition","display_name":"Embodied cognition","score":0.5455999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5267000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situated","display_name":"Situated","score":0.5087000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.43650001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.8442999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.5455999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5267000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5242000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132829578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581151","display_name":"Situated","level":2,"score":0.5087000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4925999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.43650001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32679998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19891933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9370542","display_name":"Normative social influence","level":3,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i36.40245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i36.40245","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40245/44206","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.aaai.org:article/40245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/40245","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2159-5399","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1609/aaai.v40i36.40245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i36.40245","pdf_url":"https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/download/40245/44206","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191458","display_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"2159-5399","issn":["2159-5399","2374-3468"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320058","host_organization_name":"Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320058"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1523888516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5809100787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7137946191.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7137946191.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Embodied":[0],"agents,":[1],"such":[2,36,113],"as":[3,114],"robots,":[4],"will":[5],"need":[6],"to":[7,88,101,133],"interact":[8],"in":[9,30,35,53,81,110,146,154,166],"situated":[10],"environments":[11],"where":[12,43],"successful":[13],"communication":[14],"often":[15],"depends":[16],"on":[17],"reasoning":[18],"over":[19],"social":[20,56,138],"norms:":[21],"shared":[22],"expectations":[23,51],"that":[24,108,127],"constrain":[25],"what":[26],"actions":[27],"are":[28,142],"appropriate":[29],"context.":[31,57],"A":[32],"key":[33,160],"capability":[34],"settings":[37],"is":[38],"norm-based":[39],"reference":[40],"resolution":[41],"(NBRR),":[42],"interpreting":[44],"referential":[45],"expressions":[46],"requires":[47],"inferring":[48],"implicit":[49],"normative":[50,98],"grounded":[52,106],"physical":[54],"and":[55,96,117,136,157],"Yet":[58],"it":[59],"remains":[60],"unclear":[61],"whether":[62],"Large":[63],"Language":[64],"Models":[65],"(LLMs)":[66],"can":[67,94],"support":[68],"this":[69,74],"kind":[70],"of":[71,122],"reasoning.":[72],"In":[73],"work,":[75],"we":[76,125],"introduce":[77],"SNIC":[78,103],"(Situated":[79],"Norms":[80],"Context),":[82],"a":[83,120,151,159],"human-validated":[84],"diagnostic":[85],"testbed":[86],"designed":[87],"probe":[89],"how":[90],"well":[91],"state-of-the-art":[92],"LLMs":[93,131,156],"extract":[95],"utilize":[97],"principles":[99],"relevant":[100],"NBRR.":[102],"emphasizes":[104],"physically":[105],"norms":[107,141],"arise":[109],"everyday":[111],"tasks":[112],"cleaning,":[115],"tidying,":[116],"serving.":[118],"Across":[119],"range":[121],"controlled":[123],"evaluations,":[124],"find":[126],"even":[128],"the":[129],"strongest":[130],"struggle":[132],"consistently":[134],"identify":[135],"apply":[137],"norms\u2014particularly":[139],"when":[140],"implicit,":[143],"underspecified,":[144],"or":[145],"conflict.":[147],"These":[148],"findings":[149],"reveal":[150],"blind":[152],"spot":[153],"current":[155],"highlight":[158],"challenge":[161],"for":[162],"deploying":[163],"language-based":[164],"systems":[165],"socially":[167],"situated,":[168],"embodied":[169],"settings.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-07T00:00:00"}
